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Cardiovascular System Diana Martinez Period 4 (anatomy of heart…
Cardiovascular System
Diana Martinez Period 4
functions of cardiovascular system
transports nutrients, oxygen, hormones and waste
delivers O2 & nutrients to body cells; transports metabolic wastes to lungs & kidneys for elimination;
transports hormones from endocrine organs to target organs
protect body from infection and blood loss
preventing blood loss -> plasma proteins & platelets in blood initiate clot formation; prevents infection -> agents of immunity are carried in blood
thermoregulation
helps maintain the body at a constant temperature by aborbing & distributing heat.
maintains fluid balance in body
anatomy of heart
deoxygenated blood through pulmonary veins
oxygenated blood out through aorta
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
right atrium
left atrium
right ventricle
left ventricle
aorta
pulmonary artery
tricuspid valve (right)
bicuspid valve (left)
aortic valve
pulmonary valve
layers of heart
3
epicardium
visceral layer of serous pericardium; infiltrated with fat
Myocardium
cardiac muscle; contracts; interlacing bundles effectively link all parts of heart
Endocardium
glistening white sheet of endothelium resting on thin connective tissue
blood flow through body & heart
superior/inferior vena cava
right atrium
right ventricle
pulmonary trunk
lungs
heart
4 pulmonary veins
left atrium
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major arteries and veins
coronary artery
supplies blood to heart; branch off aorta
superior vena cava
carries deoxygenated blood from upper body into heart.
inferior vena cava
carries deoxygenated blood from lower body into heart.
aorta
largest artery; supplies oxygenated blood to circulatory system
brachiocephalic artery
supplies blood to right arm and head and neck
pulmonary trunk
originates from right ventricle; branches into the left and right pulmonary arteries which lead to lungs
pulmonary arteries
carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
pulmonary veins
transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
differences between blood vessels
capillaries
one cell thick; connect arteries to veins, materials like oxygen & waste diffuse through capillaries.
arteries
carry blood away from heart; thick and muscular walls; no valves; carry oxygenated blood except for the pulmonary artery
veins
~carry blood to heart; thin & slightly muscular walls; some have valves; carry deoxygenated blood except for pulmonary veins
intrinsic factors
Intrinsic factor deficiency is caused by changes (mutations ) in the genes and is inherited in a recessive manner. Treatment generally consists of vitamin B12 injections.
cardiac cycle and ECG
performance of the human heart from the ending of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next. It consists of two periods: one during which the heart muscle relaxes and refills with blood, called diastole, followed by a period of robust contraction and pumping of blood, dubbed systole.
disorders
myocardial infarction
blood flow to part of the heart is blocked (heart attack)
peripheral artery disease PAD
arteries narrow and reduce blood flow to extremities
cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
blood flow to a portion of the brain is interrupted
endocarditis and myocarditis
inflammation of the heart
congenital heart disease
issue with heart structure and/or function present from birth