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DESCRIBING BILINGUALISM (Degree of bilingualism (Degree of bilingualism…
DESCRIBING BILINGUALISM
Definition
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Bilingualism may mean different things to different people as there is no one definition of bilingualism
Degree of bilingualism
Degree of bilingualism refers to the levels of linguistic proficiency a bilingual must achieve in both languages to be considered a bilingual
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Macnamara emphasized the need to discuss the degree of bilingualism not as unitary component but as degree of competence in sub-components.
Balanced bilinguals
The term balanced bilingual is used, it describes those who are thought to have perfect control of both languages in all settings
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Age of acquisition
Age has often been raised as an important descriptor for bilingualism because of the robust research
critical to any discussion of bilingualism is the issue of age as there appears to be what we might call a sensitive age for language learning which ceases around puberty
Age is considered an important factor because there is a strong association between age of acquisition and ultimate attainment of proficiency
In adult learners other factors such as aptitude, attitude, identity and motivation can significantly affect the learning outcome