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Cardiovascular System Karina Espinosa Per.1 (ANATOMY OF THE HEART…
Cardiovascular System Karina Espinosa Per.1
FUNCTIONS OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
The main components of the cardiovascular system is the heart, blood, and blood vessels The main functions of this system is to remove waste, transport nutrients, hormones, and oxygen throughout the body.
ANATOMY OF THE HEART
Heart Wall Layers:
Epicardium: Thin layer of Connective tissue.
Myocardium: This is cardiac muscle that that contracts.
Endocardium: This is simple squamous epithelium, continuous with blood vessels.
CHAMBERS:
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
VALVES:
Tricuspid Valve, Aortic Valve, Mitral Valve and Pulmonary Valve
LAYERS OF THE HEART
Epicardium:
This is the fiborous tissue layer that surrounds the heart. It is the external layer. The purpose for this later is to protect the internal parts of the heart.
Myocardium:
The myocardium is the middle layer of the heart. It helps pump oxygenated blood to the entire body. This also initiates contraction.
Endocardium:
This layer is the one that is all the way inside the heart. This layer lines all of the chambers of the heart. This provides further more protection to all parts of the heart.
BLOOD FLOW:
Superior/ inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary valve -> pulmonary trunk -> lungs -> pulmonary vein -> left atrium -> bicuspid valve -> left ventricle -> aortic valve -> aorta -> body
MAJOR ARTERIES AND VEINS:
ARTERIES: Aorta, carotid, brachial, femoral, iliac, subclavian.
VEINS: Superior/ inferior vena cava, brachiocephalic, jugular, basilic, iliac.
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM DISORDERS:
Congenital Heart Disease: This is the issue with the heart structure and function present from birth. Some treatments can be medication, and surgery.
Endocarditis and Myocarditis: This is the inflammation of the heart. Some symptoms include chest pain, fatigue, fever, shortness of breath, muscle and joint pain.
Peripheral Artery Disease: This is when arteries narrow and reduce blood flow to extremities. Symptoms include leg and arm pain, wounds that will not heal, and weak pulse.
Cerebrovascular Accident: This is blood flow to a portion of the brain that is interrupted. (Stroke). Treatments are medication, lifestyle changes, and bypass surgery.
Myocardial Infarction: This is blood flow to a pet of the heart that is blocked (heart attack). Symptoms include chest pain, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, sweating, and breath shortness.
BLOOD VESSEL TYPES:
ARTERIES:
Arteries are in charge of carrying blood away from the heart, usually oxygenated blood.
ARTERIOLES:
This is a very small part of an artery that I’ve tu ally leads to a capillary.
CAPILLARIES:
These are very very extremely small blood vessels. There purpose is to connect arteries and veins.
VEINS:
Veins carry blood from the capillaries towards the heart. They tend to carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart.
VENULES:
A small vein that carries blood from the capillaries. They lead the deoxygenated blood into large vessels.
ECG
The ECG also known as the electrocardiograma is a type of device that measures the activity of the heart. I can also monitor it through the skin.