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blood and cardiovascular system (anatomy of the heart (right ventricle…
blood and cardiovascular system
major functions of the cardiovascular system
transport
blood transports nutrients and oxygen through whole body
protection
regularion
anatomy of the heart
right ventricle
lower chamber
inferior vena cava
returns blood to heart
apex
inferior, pointed
pulmonary arteries
carries blood to lungs
right atrium
upper chamber, receives blood from vena cava
left atrium
receives oxygenated blood from lungs
left ventricle
pumps blood to body
superior vena cava
returns oxygen poor blood to right atrium
aorta
major artery carrying oxygenated blood from left ventricle to body
semi-lunar valves
prevent blood from re-entering the ventricles
chordae tendineae
string-like structures attached to the flap of the valve
pulmonary vein
carries oxygenated blood to from lungs to left ventricle
septum
muscular wall that separates the left and right side of the heart
tricuspid & bicuspid valve
preventing back flow of blood
layers of the heart
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
the inner layer of the heart
muscular middle layer wall of the heart.
the outer protective layer of the heart.
blood flow
superior/inferior vena cava
right atrium
tricupsid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve
pulmonary artery
lungs
pulmonary veins
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major arteries and veins of the body
arteries
arteries
Common carotid artery
Subclavian artery
Abdominal aorta
Common iliac artery
Celiac artery
Brachiocephalic artery
Femoral artery
Brachial artery
Common hepatic artery
External carotid artery
Internal carotid artery
Axillary artery
Anterior tibial artery
Left coronary artery
Internal iliac artery
Popliteal artery
veins
internal jugular, external jugular, anterior jugular, subclavian, brachiocephalic veins
basilic, cephalic, radial, ulnar, brachial, axillary veins
femoral, great saphenous, external iliac, common iliac veins
structural and functional differences between blood vessel types
arteries
blood moves by the pumping of the heart
carry blood away from heart
carries oxygenated blood
veins
carry blood towards heart
carries deoxygenated blood
has valves
capillaries
carries blood between arteries and veins
has very thin walls
exchanges nutrients
intrinsic factors
specialized cells that initiate and distribute
electrical impulses through out the heart
cardiac cycle and the ECG
article systole
ventricular systole (first phase)
ventricular systole (second phase)
ventricular diastole (early)
ventricular diastole (late)
all chambers are relaxed
ventricles relax and pressure drops, blood flows back against the cusps of the semilunar valves
semilunar valves open and eject blood
pushes AV valves closed
contractions force small amount of blood into ventricles
electrocardiography (ECG)
a test that measures and records the electrical activity of the heart using electrodes
can be used to determine if the heart rhythm is normal
disorders
congenital heart disease
causes: pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, tricuspid atresia
symptoms: may cause death, may be asymptomatic, cyanosis
treatment: medication, surgical intervention, some abnormalities may heal on their own
endocarditis & myocarditis
causes: allergic reaction to medication or allergen, heart valve damage, bacterial infection
symptoms: chest pain, fatigue, fever
treatment: antibiotics, medication, pacemaker implantation
cerebrovascular accident
causes: blood clot in artery to the brain, clogged arteries, high blood pressure
symptoms: severe headache, memory loss, confusion
treatment: blood thinners, physical therapy, lifestyle changes
peripheral artery disease
causes: limb trauma, radiation exposure, diabetes
symptoms: leg and arm pain, skin color change in extremities
treatment: medication, lifestyle changes, bypass surgery