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Cardiovascular System Emerson Brown Period 4 (Major Veins (Superior Vena…
Cardiovascular System
Emerson Brown
Period 4
Major functions of the Cardiovascular System
consists of heart, blood vessels, and the blood
Transportation: transports materials, oxygen, and hormones throughout the body
Regulation: regulates body temperature, absorbs and distributes heat; maintains normal pH, and creates adequate fluid volume
Protection: prevents blood loss, prevents infection
Anatomy of the Heart
External
left coronary artery: supply majority of oxygenated blood to myocardium, left atrium, and pulmonary artery
left coronary vein: return deoxygenated blood from myocardium back to right atrium
circumflex artery: supply portions of the heart with oxygenated blood
pulmonary arteries: carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to the lungs
Right coronary vein: returns deoxygenated blood from myocardium to the right atrium
pulmonary veins: carry oxygenated blood from lungs and drain into left atrium
left atrium: upper chamber of the heart; receives oxygenated blood from lungs and pumps into left ventricle
aorta: main artery which carries blood away from heart to the rest of the body
Right Coronary artery: provides blood to right atrium and ventricles
ligamentum arteriosum: pushes or pulls blood from pulmonary arteries to aorta
Right Atrium: right upper chamber; receives deoxygenated blood
right ventricle: receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it under low pressure into lungs
Inferior Vena Cava: carries deoxygenated blood from lower half of the body to the right atrium
left ventricle: pumps oxygenated blood to all tissues of the body
Superior Vena Cava: brings deoxyginated blood from head, neck, arm, and chest toward the right atrium
apex: rounded portion/tip of the heart
Internal
Tricuspid valve: regulates blood flow toward right atrium to ventricle
pulmonary valve: allows deoxygenated blood collected in right ventricle to flow to the lungs
mitral valve: regulates blood flow from upper left chamber (atrium) to left ventricle
aortic valve:allows blood to leave the heart
Chordae tendinae: hold atrioventricular valves in place
Interventicular septum: wall which seperates chambers of heart
papillary muscles: attach chordae tendinae to the atrioventricular valves
trabeculae carnae: prevents inversions of valves
Layers of the Heart
Epicardium: visceral layer which is infiltrated with fat
Myocardium: cardiac muscle, which composes the bulk of the heart and contracts when necessary
Endocardium: sheet of endothelium; lines chambers of the heart and forms the surface
Coverings of the heart protect and anchor muscles to the heart, and prevents blood overflow
Blood Flow
Aorta
Throughout the body
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
Right Ventricle
Tricuspid Valves
Pulmonary Valve
Pulmonary Artery
Left Lung
1 more item...
Major Arteries
Axillary artery: located in the armpit
Brachial artery: located in the upper arm
Subclavian artery: located in the clavicle
Radial Artery: located in the forearm
Common Carotid Artery: located in the neck
Ulnar Artery: located in the forearm
Brachiocephalic arch: located in the sternum
Common iliac artery: located in the hip
Abdominal Aorta: located in the abdomen
Femoral Artery: located in the thigh
Thoracic Aorta: thorax
Anterior tibial artery: located in the lower leg
Aortic Arch: located in the heart
Fibular artery: located in the lower leg
Ascending Aorta: located in the heart
Diseases of the Cardiovascular System
Congenital Heart Disease
abnormality in heart that forms before birth
Risk Factors: smoking, heredity, and drinking alcohol (during pregnancy)
Symptoms: blue-tinted skin, abnormal heat, and swollen body tissue
Treatment: medication, heart transplant, and surgery
Endocarditis and Myocarditis
Endo: inflammation of heart lining Myo: inflammation of heart muscle
Risk Factors: illegal drug use, artificial heart valves, and congenial heart defects
Symptoms: fever, chills, fatigue, and chest pain
Treatment: myo: focuses upon healing symptoms endo: rest and medication
Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)
Damage to brain from interruption of blood supply
Risk Factors: diabetes, smoking, age, and gender
Symptoms: paralysis, blurred vision, vertigo
Treatment: medication, cardiac monitoring, surgery
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
Narrowed blood vessels; fatty deposit buildup
Risk Factors: Aging, Diabetes, and Smoking
Symptoms: leg pain, cool skin and hair loss, ulcers
Treatment: medication, exercise, and procedures
Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
Symptoms: dizziness, heartburn, pain in chest and abdomen
Risk Factors: smoking, diabetes, poor diet, and excessive alcohol use
-Blockage of blood flow tissue loses oxygen and dies
Treatment: medication, surgery or therapy
Cardiac Cycle
Steps of Intrinsic Conduction system
Stimulation of sinoatrial node
Stimulation of attoventricular node
Propagation to AV bundle
Splitting into bundle branches
Propagation of fibers
performance of the human heart from the ending of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next
followed by a period of robust contraction and pumping of blood, dubbed systole.
systole: follows diastole; known as a period of robust contraction and pumping of blood
diastole: heart muscle relaxes and fills with blood
Blood Vessel Types
Structure
Function
Blood vessels have three layers which allow for an exchange of blood cells and tissues
Three major classifications
Elastic : pressure reservoir which controls movement of blood
Muscular: carries the blood to specific regions or origins
Arterioles: regulate blood movement in capillary beds
Intrinsic Factors
Major Veins
Superior Vena Cava: located in the heart
Internal Jungular Vein: located in the neck
Brachiocephalic Vein: located in the clavicle and chest
Femoral Vein: located in the thigh
Subclavian Vein: located in the clavicle
External Jungular Vein: located in the neck
Axillary Veins: located in the armpit
Brachial Vein: located in the upper arm
Great Saphenous Vein: located in the thigh
External Iliac Vein: located in the hip
Ulnar Veins: located in the forearm
Internal Iliac Vein: located in the hip and thigh
Radial Veins: located in the forearms
Common Iliac Vein: located in the hip
Basilic Vein: located in the upper arm
Inferior Vena Cava: located in the chest
Cephalic Vein: located in the upper arm