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34 yr old male, diagnosed with AIDS, tested positive for HIV (Direct…
34 yr old male, diagnosed with AIDS, tested positive for HIV
Direct Upstream Causes
Exposed to infected blood
HIV infection
Transfused with contaminated blood
HIV infected mother giving birth to baby (affect the baby)
Indirect Upstream Causes
IV drug use
Same sex activity
HIV diagnosis changed to AIDS
When the CD4 cell count gets below 200 a patient is diagnosed with AIDS. As HIV progresses it kills the CD4 cells. A normal count is between 500-1,500
HIV; viral infection
AIDS; CD4 count less than 200, opportunist infection
Organs & Cells of the Immune System
Organs; spleen, tonsils, skin, thymus, liver, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, Adenoids
Cells; lymphocytes (T-cells, B-cells, NK cells), neutrophils, monocytes/ macrophages, cytokines, antibodies, complement proteins
Components and physiology of the innate and adaptive parts of the immune system
Innate Immunity
Multiple components that protect against a wide array of substances
Skin & Mucosal membranes (prevent entry)
Nonspecific interval defense
PHYSIOLOGY; has two components
1)
skin & mucous which help prevent entry of harmful substances
2)
types of cells, chemicals, and physiologic processes which provide internal defense
Adaptive Immunity
Lymphocytes that are activated to replicate and respond when stimulated by a specific antigen
T-lymphocytes , B-lymphocytes , Plasma Cells
PHYSIOLOGY; has two components
1)
cell-mediated, involving T-lympocytes immune response
2)
Humoral immunity, B-lympocytes that develop into plasma cells to synthesize and release antibodies
Functions of the specific leukocytes
B-lympocytes; humoral immunity
T-lympoctyes: cellular immunity, Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes; release chemicals that are toxic to cells resulting in death, Helper T-lymphoctyes; initiate both humoral response and cell-mediated
Difference Between a viral and bacterial infection and how they are treated
Bacterial: intracellular and extracellular microbes, some have a sticky polysaccharide capsule and/or hairlike pili TREATMENT; antibiotics
Viral: DNA or RNA within a capsid protein, no cell wall obligate intracellular parasites, must enter cell to replicate TREATMENT; symptomatic care, antivirals
Lytic and lysogenic stages of a virus
Lysogenic: when the virus infects the DNA of the host cell and replicates itself, manufacturing more viruses
Lytic: when the host cell burst releasing more viruses into the host body
Difference Between HIV & AIDS
HIV: infection and destruction of the T-lymphocytes causing extensive damage to the immune system
AIDS: a result from HIV, when the patients CD4 count drops below 200 or the patient develops an opportunistic infection
HIV is the virus infecting the cell where as AIDS is the result of the HIV infection, HIV causes AIDS