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Kimberly Sandoval (Arteries (Fibular artery- in fibula, arteries left and…
Kimberly Sandoval
Arteries
Fibular artery- in fibula, arteries left and right lower limb
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brachiocephalic trunk- right arm, head, and neck, sundarian left and right
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anterior tribal artery- tibia- arteries left and right , upper limbs
ulnar artery- ulna arteries left and right , upper limbs
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ECG and cardiac cycle
The p wave is the first wave on the ECG because the action potential for the heart is generated in the sinoatrail (SA) node, located on the atria , which sends action potentials directly through Bachmanns' bundle to depolarize the atrial muscle cells.
The Sa node is a bundle of nerve cells located on the outer layer of the right atria. These cells are specialized to undergo spontaneous depolarization and generation of action potentials without stimulation fro he rest of the nerves system.
The AV node is a bundle of conducting tissue coated at the junction between the atria and ventricles of the heart. Ventricular contraction at 40- 60 bpm
An electrocardiogram is a recording of the heart's electrical activity as a graph over a period ofttimes, as detected by electrode attached to the outer surface of the skin and recorded by a device external to the body. Shows heart rate and . It can also detect enlargement of the heat , decreased blood flow, or the presence of current or past heart attacks
The Q and S waves are downward waves, while the R wave, and upward wave is the most prominent feature of an ECG
The T waves indicates ventricular depolarization in which the ventricles relax following depolarization and contraction. The ST segment refers to the gap between the S weave and the T wave, representers the time between ventricular depolarization and depolarization
layers of the heart
myocardium- muscular layer that contains cardiac muscle tissue and makes the majority of the thickness and mass of the heart. Also pumps blood .
endocardium-simple squamous endothelium layer lines the inside of the heart and its responsible for keeping blood from sticking to inside of the heart.
pericardium- serous membrane that produces serous fluids to lubricate the heart and prevent friction between heart.
parietal pericardium- a conical sac fibrous tissue that surrounds the heart and the roots of the great blood vessels and has outer na dinner coats.
Fibrous Pericardium- outer layer of pericardium, comprised of dense connective tissue that protects the heart and anchors it to surround the walls and prevent overfilling.
disorders
PAD- abnormal narrowing disease of arteries other than those that supply the heart or brain. Narrowing in the heart called coronary artery disease and in brain cerebrovascular disease, most common in legs.The symptoms in leg pain ( intermittent claudication)
Congenital heart disease - issue with the heart structure and fiction presents form birth. Causes : tetralogy of fallout, aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis.
Cerebrovascular disease - common cause of cerebrovascular accident or stroke. Symptoms- dizziness, black out, consciousness.
Endocarditis and myocarditis- myocarditis is an inflammatory process and persistence of viremia and inflammation can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy .
myocardial infarction- heat attack, also called a myocardial infarction, occurs when a prat of the heat muscle doesnt receive enough blood flow. symptoms- chest pain, shortness of breath.
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major veins and arteries
Veins
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brachiocephalic- right arm, head, neck-superior vena cava
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