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Cardiovascular System. by Eric Hernandez P 1 (Anatomy of the heart…
Cardiovascular System. by Eric Hernandez P 1
Major functions of the
cardiovascular system
heart-a hollow muscular organ that pumps the blood through the circulatory system by rhythmic contraction and dilation. In vertebrates there may be up to four chambers (as in humans), with two atria and two ventricles.
Blood-the red liquid that circulates in the arteries and veins of humans and other vertebrate animals, carrying oxygen to and carbon dioxide from the tissues of the body.
blood vessels-a tubular structure carrying blood through the tissues and organs; a vein, artery, or capillary.
This system has three main functions: Transport of nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells throughout the body and removal of metabolic wastes (carbon dioxide, nitrogenous wastes).
Layers of the
heart
Epicardium. The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart wall and is just another name for the visceral layer of the pericardium. Thus, the epicardium is a thin layer of serous membrane that helps to lubricate and protect the outside of the heart. Below the epicardium is the second, thicker layer of the heart wall: the myocardium.
Myocardium. The myocardium is the muscular middle layer of the heart wall that contains the cardiac muscle tissue. Myocardium makes up the majority of the thickness and mass of the heart wall and is the part of the heart responsible for pumping blood. Below the myocardium is the thin endocardium layer.
Endocardium. Endocardium is the simple squamous endothelium layer that lines the inside of the heart. The endocardium is very smooth and is responsible for keeping blood from sticking to the inside of the heart and forming potentially deadly blood clots.
blood flow through the heart and body
Blood flows through your heart and lungs in four steps: The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. ... The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle through the mitral valve.
Anatomy of the heart (including all chambers, and valves)
The right atrium receives blood from the veins and pumps it to the right ventricle.
The right ventricle receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs, where it is loaded with oxygen.
The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle.
The left ventricle (the strongest chamber) pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body. The left ventricle’s vigorous contractions create our blood pressure.
Ventricles: the two lower chambers (they discharge blood).
Atria: the two upper chambers (they receive blood).
The aortic valve and pulmonary valve, which control blood flow out of the ventricles
The mitral valve and tricuspid valve, which control blood flow from the atria to the ventricles
Heart
Aortic Valve
Bundle Branches
Chordae Tendineae
Interventricular Septum
Left Atrium
Left Auricle
Left Ventricle
Mitral Valve
Papillary Muscles
Pulmonary Valve
Purkinje Fibers
Right Atrium
Right Auricle
Right Ventricle
Tricuspid Valve
Pulmonary Trunk
Left Pulmonary Artery
Right Pulmonary Artery
Major arteries and veins of the body
The Coronary Arteries are the blood vessels that supply blood to your heart. They branch off of the aorta at its base.
left circumflex artery
the left main coronary,
The right coronary artery
structural and
functional differences between blood vessel types
1: Blood vessel layers: Arteries and veins consist of three layers: an outer tunica externa, a middle tunica media, and an inner tunica intima
Capillaries consist of a single layer of epithelial cells, the endothelium tunic
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
ECG tracing of the cardiac cycle (heartbeat) consists of a P wave (atrial depolarization ), a QRS complex (ventricular depolarization), and a T wave (ventricular repolarization). An additional wave, the U wave ( Purkinje repolarization), is often visible, but not always.
disorders of the
cardiovascular system
Abnormal heart rhythms, or arrhythmias
Aorta disease and Marfan syndrome
Congenital heart disease
Coronary artery disease (narrowing of the arteries)
Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
Heart attack
Heart failure
Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy)
Heart valve disease
Pericardial disease
Peripheral vascular disease
Rheumatic heart disease
Stroke
Vascular disease (blood vessel disease)