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Microbial diversity (archaea (Phyla (Crenarchaeota (order…

- - - - hyperthermophiles
      - strict anaerobes
      - acidophiles
      - sulfur-dependent
      - order
        
        Thermoproteales
        
        Desulfurococcales
        
        Sulfolabales
        
        Caldisphaerales
    - - Group I archaea
        
        membrane lipids - crenarchaeol/thaumarchaeol
      - mesophilic
        
        nitrification
    - - Methanogens
        
        importance
        
        wastewater treatment
        
        can produce methane to be used as fuel and energy source
      - Halobacteria
        
        extreme halophiles
        
        aerobic
        
        chemoheterotrophs
        
        genera
        
        Halobacterium
      - Thermoplasms
        
        genera
        
        Thermoplasmataceae
        
        Picrophilaceae
        
        Ferroplasmataceae
        
        Thermoacidophiles
        
        lack cell walls
      - extremely thermophilic S - metabolizers
        
        genera
        
        Thermococcus
        
        Paleococcus
        
        Pyrococcus
        
        motile
        
        strictly anaerobic
        
        reduce sulfur to sulfide
        
        optimum growth - 88-100
        
        Class
        
        Thermococci
        
        order
        
        Thermococcales
      - Sulfate-reducers
        
        Class
        
        Archaeoglobi
        
        order
        
        Archaeoglobales
        
        Genera
        
        Archaeoglobus
        
        irregular coccoid cells
        
        extremely thermophilic
        
        metabolism
        
        lithotrophic or organotrophic
        
        sulfate, sulfite or thiosulfite as e- acceptor
- - - - Genera
        
        Aquifex
        
        gram-negative
        
        thermophile
        
        microaerophilic
        
        chemolithoautotroph
        
        Hydrogenobacter
    - - genera
        
        Thermatoga
        
        Gram-negative rods
        
        thermophiles
        
        chemoheterotrophs
    - - Deinococcus
      - Spherical or rod-shaped; in pairs or tetrads
      - cell wall-less gram-positive
      - aerobic
      - resistant to desiccation and radiation
    - - Chlorobi
        
        green sulfur
        
        Chlorosomes
        
        nonmotile
        
        gas vesicles
        
        obligate anaerobic photolithoautotrophs
        
        sulfide rich areas
        
        genera
        
        Chlorobium
        
        Prosthecochloris
        
        Pelodictyon
      - Chloroflexi
        
        green nonsulfur
        
        Photosynthetic
        
        Genus chloroflexus
        
        filamentous
        
        thermophilic
        
        metabolism
        
        anoxygenic photosynthesis
        
        chemoheterotroph
        
        Nonphotosynthetic
        
        Genus Herpetosiphon
        
        non-photosynthetic gliding, rod-shaped or filamentous
        
        aerobic chemoorganotrophs
      - Firmicutes
        
        Heliobacteria
      - Cyanobacteria
        
        Chlorophyceae
        
        gram-negative
        
        obligate photolithoautotrophs
        
        chemoheterotrophs
        
        Photosynthesis
        
        carbon fixation
        
        phycobiliproteins
        
        calvin cycle
        
        Pigmentation
        
        Phycocyanin
        
        phycoerythrin
        
        chromatic adaptation
        
        phototaxis
        
        Ecology
        
        thermophilic
        
        blooms in nutrient-rich ponds and lakes
        
        Symbiotic relationships
        
        synechoccus, Prochlorococcus
      - Acidobacteria
        
        gram-negative thermophilic
    - - anammoxosome
      - lack peptidoglycan
      - genus
        
        Planctomyces
    - - gram-negative
      - obligate intracellular parasite
      - Chlamydia
    - - gram-negative
      - chemoheterotrophic
      - motile
      - genera
        
        Spirochaeta
        
        Treponema
      - Symbiotic associations
        
        free living
        
        symbiotic
        
        disease
        
        lyme
        
        syphilis
    - - chemoheterotrophs
      - terrestrial and marine environments
      - anaerobic
      - gram negative rods
      - no endospore formation
    - - lineages
        
        Alphaproteobacterium
        
        genus
        
        Nitrobacter
        
        Caulobacter
        
        Betaproteobacterium
        
        chemoheterotrophs and chemolithotrophs
        
        genus
        
        Bordetella
        
        Neiserria
        
        Gammaproteobacterium
        
        Largest subgroup of proteobacteria
        
        chemoorganotrophs
        
        photolithotrophs
        
        chemolithotrophs
        
        methylotrophs
        
        genus
        
        Azotobacter
        
        Escherichia
        
        Deltaproteobacterium
        
        Aerobic, chemooraganotrophic predators
        
        anaerobic, chemoorganotrophic sulfur- and sulfate-reducers
        
        Epsilonproteobacterium
        
        genus
        
        Campylobacter
        
        Helicobacter
        
        smallest of proteobacterial classes
        
        slender gram-negative rods
        
        thermophilic
        
        chemolithoautotrophic
    - - Firmicutes
        
        Low G + C
        
        Classes
        
        clostridia
        
        bacilli
        
        negativicutes
      - Actinobacteria
        
        High G + C
        
        source of most currently used antibiotics
        
        most are not motile
        
        metabolites
        
        anticancer
        
        antihelminthic
        
        immunosuppressive
        
        ecological importance
        
        widely distributed in soil
        
        mineralization of organic matter
        
        structure of cell wall