Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Hyperglycemia hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (Clinical Manifestations…
Hyperglycemia hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome
Definition
A condition seen in patients with hyperglycemia that is not properly controlled where hyperosmolarity and hyperglycemia predominate.
Pathophysiology
Present after a period of symptomatic hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia causes asmosis diuresis
Resulting in losses of water and electrolytes
Ketones are not present
There is enough insulin to prevent ketogenesis
Osmolarity occure
Clinical Manifestations
Hypotension
Hallucinations
Altered consciousness
Vision loss
Profound dehydration
High fever
Tachycardia
High blood sugar levels over 33.3 mmol/L
Aetiology
Acute illness such as a stroke
Medication exacerbating hyperglycemia, e.g Thiazide
Known diagnosed diabetes mellitus
Chronic treatment such as dialysis
Risk Factors
Congestive
Old age people with known history of DM
Drugs that can rain serum levels of blood glucose and inhibit function of insulin, e.g beta blokcers
Use of alcohol and cocaine
Nursing care plan
Assess cardiovascular, pulmonary and renal function
Manage medication of IV fluids and insulin administration
Closely monitor fluid intake and urine output
Observe volume and electrolyte status
Maintain safety and prevent injury
Check and record glucose levels hourly
Monitor and record fluid status
Monitor vital signs
Diagnostic Tests
Chest x-rays
Blood cultures
CT scan
Blood analysis
MRI scan