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Plant Adaptation in Different Environments👀 Climatic Constraints and Soil…
Plant Adaptation in Different Environments👀 Climatic Constraints and Soil Constraints
Rainforest
Tropical Rain forests' Examples: Amazon Rain forest, Congo Basin and Southeast Asia
Environmental characteristics: High Temperature (28oC), High rainfall ( >2500mm), high humidity, strong competition of sunlight, infertile soil due to strong leaching
Plant Adaptation : Large leaf blade to take in more sunlight for photosynthesis.Opening of leaves with drip tips to shed off excessive water to prevent infected by mould. Drip tip guides water to flow to the ground to reduce rains plash effect and soil erosion. Tall tree trunk and climbing plants help to compete for sunlight. Buttress roots holds the emergent trees. Layered structure help different plants to compete for sunlight. Examples of luxuriant growth due to long growing season.
Desert Examples: Sahara, Atacama and Nambi
Environmental characteristics: High annual temperature >30oC. Large daily range of temperature. Frequent dust storm. Infertile and sandy soil. Rocky, sandy and stony surface.
Plant Adaptation: Low Biomass due to harsh climate. Low in height to reduce the physical damage of dust storm. Spiny and needle leaves to reduce water loss from transpiration. Fleshing stems to store water. Mucus is found. Types of plants, such as Aloe and Cactus
High Mountains' Examples : Himalayas, Rockies, Andes and Atlas with high elevation of over 2000m.
Environmental Characteristics : Low humidity. Water is only available in summer. Low humidity. Dry climate. Great variation of sunlight in different aspects. Shade is found facing poleward. Thin and infertile soil. Sloping ground.
Plant Adaption : Sedges, mossses and lichens, cushions plants, perennial grass, alpine daisy are found which are perennial plant and drought resistant. Dormant with short life cycle to adapt to short growing season. Low in biomass due to harsh growing condition. Trees and shrubs on the sun-facing slope such as pine and cedar. Coniferous and evergreen trees to save energy for producing new leaf and the production of food by photosynthesis. Have cones for reproduction. Colourful flower helps insect pollination.
The Poles : Alaska and Greenland
Environmental Characteristics : Low temperature which is below the freezing point. Strong wind or blizzard. Permafrost is found. Thin or infertile soil. Short growing seasons due to complete darkness in winter.
Plant Adaptation : Sedges, mosses and lichens are common life forms. Lichens can take in nutrients from the air. Perennial plants are drought resistant. Dormant to adapt to short growing seasons. Low in height to reduce the structural damage of strong wind. Low in biomass because of short growing season.
Coastal areas:Mai Po
Environmental Conditions: Saline soil, water-logged, change of high tide and low tide
Plant adaptation: Secrete salt. densely fouled with tenticles to make up the blockage of barnacles to ensure gas exchange.
