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Year 10 geography mind map (week 2 (scale (A map scale is the map distance…

- - - - the 7 concepts
        
        sustainability
        
        Relates to the ongoing capacity of the earth to maintain all life. Developing ways to ensure the earth’s resources be used and managed responsibly so they can maintain for future generations.
        
        an example of sustainability is when we cut trees down we should re-plant them or down cut more than we need
        
        environment
        
        In geographical terms environment means living and non-living thins and elements that make up a area. And the ways that they are organised into a system.
        
        The ways in which people change the environment and how these changes can be managed
        
        scale
        
        A map scale is the map distance ratio that corresponds to the actual ground distance.
        
        As an example on a 1: 1000000 cm scale map shows that 1 centimeter is equal to 1 kilometer on the ground
        
        space
        
        The way things are arranged on the earths surface.
        
        places can be divides and organised into spaces. spaces also are assigned with different purposes. so a space can be how the markets are arranged or it can be how the shops are arranged.
        
        change
        
        Some change takes very rapidly or take place over millions of years.
        
        Change can be the result of natural forces, for example earthquake volcanoes result of human activity. Clearing of forest for farmland is a good example of a change. Able to be positive or can have a negative consequences
        
        place
        
        Place an an area on the earths surface that is given meaning to people.
        
        it can be as big as a continent or it can be as small as the corner in your room. A place can be natural, unchanged by human, constructed by humans, (unique)
        
        interconnection
        
        Nothing on earth exist in isolation. All environment and every living and nonliving thing are connected
        
        where thing is connected in some way.
- - - - which way to they go
        
        NORTH TO SOUTH
      - what is the main line called
        
        prime meridian
    - - which way do they go
        
        EAST TO WEST
      - what is the main line called
        
        Equator
- - - - a line on a map joining points of equal height above or below sea level.
    - - Contour lines are lines drawn on a map connecting points of equal elevation, meaning if you physically followed a contour line, elevation would remain constant. Contour lines show elevation and the shape of the terrain.
    - - Contour lines show the elevation of the ground.
- - - - we degrade the land by using to many chemicals and removing too many trees
      - how does it degrade the land
        
        when we get rid of trees it causes salinity. when we use chemicals it means there is no nutrients in the ground so we pump chemicals onto the ground so we can farm
      - what are the consequences
        
        when salinity occurs it is almost impossible to farm near it and once we use chemicals we need to use more so we can keep farming it because it has no nutrients left.
  - - - Large-scale and global environmental hazards to human health include climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, changes in ecosystems due to loss of biodiversity, changes in hydrological systems and the supplies of freshwater, land degradation, urbanization, and stresses on food-producing systems.
    - - we need to change the environment so we can have homes, and places that we can farm fruit, vegetables and animals.
    - - Protecting endangered species and cleaning lakes and seas has a positive effect on the environment. At home you can help the planet by recycling waste and growing plants or vegetables.
  - - - it can start to destroy the ozone layer and make the air unbreathable
    - - climate change and global warming
    - - Atmospheric pollution is the release of a harmful chemical or material into the atmosphere.
  - - - Freshwater degradation occurs when the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of water become harmful to the environment or organisms, including humans, by which the usefulness of the water resource is in some way reduced.
    - - These include: throwing sewage and industrial waste into rivers and oceans, using harmful fertilizers, and even littering
    - - it makes the water undrinkable, marine life will die so seafood
- - - - Environmental services refer to qualitative functions of natural non—produced assets of land, water and air (including related ecosystem)
    - - sink
        
        sinks ( also called regulating services) are those processes in the natural environment that absorb our waste
        
        for examples, micro-organisms in the oceans break down oil spills. In a similar way, bacteria in the soil breaks don human waste
      - services
        
        services (also called supporting services) are things that are done for us by the natural environment that don’t produce consumable resources.
        
        For example, wetlands filter water and slow floodwaters. forests absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen
      - Source
        
        sources ( also called provisioning services )are those natural products that can be used or convened by humans for our use.
        
        for example, mineral deposits such as coal which we turn into fuel, iron ore which we use in manufacturing, timber from natural forests and food sources, form plant crops to deep sea fish
      - spirituality
        
        spiritual (also called cultural services) refers to the personal relationship that humans beings have with the environment, for some, this is a deep connection to the land formed over many generations
        
        For others, it is the experience of spending time in the natural environment and the sense of wellbeing that is being. for example people talking part in activities such as surfing and bushwalking
  - - - This loss of biodiversity not only impacts on the natural environment but also has serious consequences for all human beings on Eart
    - - the loss of biodiversity is caused by one species humans.
    - - Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms on the planet.
    - - Pinta Tortoise, Formosan Clouded Leopard, Caribbean Monk Seal
- - - - Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity where each species, no matter how small, all have an important role to plants and the ecosystem
    - - the loss of biodiversity is caused by one species humans.
    - - Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms on the planet.
    - - This loss of biodiversity not only impacts on the natural environment but also has serious consequences for all human beings on Earth
- - - - Resource consumption such as electricity, oil or water higher a person's ecological footprint. Therefore, electricity consumption, oil consumption and water consumption are all factors that contribute to ecological footprint size
    - - Australia's environmental ranking has improved in the past few years according to an analysis of the world's largest ecological footprints. ... It found Australia had the 13th largest ecological footprint per person in the world, mostly because of carbon emissions and the amount of land required for crops and grazing.
    - - the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources.
    - - renewable energy, eat less meat, drive less, recycle more
  - - - human
        
        Human activities as agricultural expansion, cattle breeding, timber extraction, mining, oil extraction, dam construction and infrastructure development.
      - natural
        
        Natural causes and effects of deforestation. Some examples of deforestation causes are forest fires, droughts, exotic animals, floods, climate change, and overpopulation of foreign animals. All of these add to deforestation. Forest fires burn trees in large amounts, leaving little to none left.
    - - for humans
        
        The loss of trees and other vegetation can cause climate change, desertification, soil erosion, fewer crops, flooding, increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and a host of problems for indigenous people.
      - for animals
        
        Deforestation can lead to a direct loss of wildlife habitat as well as a general degradation of their habitat. The removal of trees and other types of vegetation reduces available food, shelter, and breeding habitat. ... Animals may not be able to find adequate shelter, water, and food to survive within remaining habitat.
    - - Deforestation is when forests are destroyed by cutting trees (logging) and not replanting them.
  - - - example of views they have
        
        EGOCENTRIC i am the important creature on earth> everything ad everything else is important to the extent that they support me and my lifestyle
        
        ANTHROPOCENTRIC humans are the most important species. We are in charge of the Earths and the natural world> We can use nature to support us and our lifestyle
      - people who hold them
        
        coal and oil companies
      - define
        
        people who can about making money and don't care about the earth
    - - people who hold them
        
        geologists and people working with nature
      - example of views they have
        
        ECCENTRIC we shouldd do whatever we can to to minimise out impact and preserve the Earths biodiversity. We are no more important than any other organism.
        BIOCENTRIC we have a responsibility to use the Earths resources in a sustainable way. Other species may be useful to us but they also have as much right to exist as we do.
      - define
        
        people who care moe about the earth then making money