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YEAR 8 HASS GEOGRAPHY 2020 (WEEK 1 (7 CONCEPTS OF GEOGRAPHY (CHANGE (The…
YEAR 8 HASS GEOGRAPHY 2020
WEEK 1
INTRO TO GEOGRAPHY
DEFINITION OF GEOGRAPHY:
Geography is the study of physical features of the Earth, the atmosphere and human activity.
7 CONCEPTS OF GEOGRAPHY
CHANGE
The Earth is always changing. Some changes occur very rapidly, others can take millions of years. Changes can be natural or caused by people.
INTERCONNECTION
Scientists use the concept of interconnection to understand the complex links between natural and human processes.Some examples of natural processes are, the water cycle and the food chain. Some examples of human activities are, production and the trade of goods.
ENVIRONMENT
The world is made up of many environments, some of them are natural (there are very few truly natural environments left on Earth). Others are human made or highly impacted by humans. Most environments are now a combination of both human and physical.
SUSTAINABILITY
The concept of sustainability relates to the ongoing capacity of the Earth to maintain all life. this means developing ways to ensure that all resources on Earth are used and maintained responsibly so they are there fr future generations.
SPACE
Space is the way that things are mapped and arranged on the Earths surface, as well as the way that people use and change the place in which they live.
SCALE
Scale is when you study things that take place on many different spacial levels (small-large).
For example:
local, regional, national and international.(smallest-largest) Scale is also how much impact it has on the world.
PLACE
Places are parts of the Earths surface that are identified and given meaning by people. Places can be natural (that is, shaped by the environment and largely unchanged by humans) or built (that is, constructed by humans).
TYPES OF MAPS
DOT DISTRIBUTION
Dot distributions use dots or shapes to represent(and sometimes compare) a range of different features.
A dot distribution map should include; cities and towns(shows patterns and links).
CHOROPLETH
A choropleth map shows different shades of the same colour to give a quick impression of the pattern.
Choropleth maps mainly include:Darker and lighter shades of one colour.
POLITICAL
Political maps include, locations and names of built features of the Earth.
A political map should include borders, cities and towns.
TOPOGRAPHIC
Topographic maps show the shape of the land by using contour lines.
A topographic map includes: mountain, valleys, ranges and their heights.
PHYSICAL
Physical maps include: deserts, mountains, rivers, plains, reefs, oceans, volcanoes and lakes.
A physical map is a map that shows the location and names of natural features.
WEATHER
Weather maps show the conditions in the atmosphere.
For example, weather maps include:Air pressure, wind speed etc.
WEEK 2
ALPHA-NUMERIC GRID REFERENCING
Alpha-numeric grid referencing is used to find things or places on maps easily.
Alpha-numeric grid referencing works by having numbers on one axis, and letters or the other axis.
Alpha-numeric grid referencing is where on one side of the grid, it has numbers and on the other side it has numbers.
SCALE
Scale is a ratio of distance on a map to distance in real life.
Scale is used to show an actual representation of distance. Scale is a ratio between distance on the ground and distance on the map.
DIRECTION
Direction can describe movement.
The 8 main points of a compass are NORTH, EAST, SOUTH, WEST, NORTH-EAST, SOUTH-EAST, SOUTH-WEST AND NORTH-WEST.
Direction is used to determine where things are in relation to other things.
WEEK 3
4-FIGURE GRID REFERENCING
4-figure grid referencing is where on both axes, it has double-digit numbers.
4-figure grid referencing is used to find things on maps with more accuracy, easier.
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE
WHAT IS LATITUDE?
The main line of Latitude is the Equator.
Latitude are the imaginary lines running side-ways across the Earth.
WHAT IS LONGITUDE?
The main line of Longitude us the Prim Meridian(also known as the Greenwich Meridian).
Longitude are the imaginary lines running long-ways across the Earth.
WEEK 4
LANDFORMS
Landforms are parts of the Earth's surface that have a specific type of geographical feature.
Landforms are formed by erosion or tectonic activity.
EROSION is when water brakes things down.
TECTONIC ACTIVITY is when the tectonic plates under the Earth's surface push up against each other , forming mountains and ridges.
TYPES OF LANDSCAPES
HUMAN
Anything made by humans
Perth city
COASTAL
Section of a coastline that has a range of coastal features.
Cottesloe Beach
MOUNTAIN
Mountain landscapes can be formed one of three ways. these three ways are fold mountains(when two tectonic plates meet and both push upward), block mountains(a crack in the crust means the blocks are pushed up) and volcanic mountains(when magma escapes the mantle through a small gap)
Mt Everest
ARID/DESERT
A region is arid when it is characterized by a severe lack of available water
The Australian Outback
KARST/CAVE
Karst landscapes are caused by the erosion of rock over long periods of time.
Grand Canyon
WEEK 5
WAYS THAT HUMANS VALUE LAND
CULTURAL
If someone values a landscape for it's cultural benefits, this means that they value the land for it's creative reasons.
The Indigenous Aboriginal people value the areas of the land as it allows them to express their creativity through their cave paintings that show stories of their ancestors.
SPIRITUAL
Spiritual values are how people value the land because it helps to keep their culture and traditions alive.
Any culture that has used any natural area of nature to celebrate their spiritual/religious beliefs.
ECONOMIC
When a person values land for its economic uses, this means that they want to use it solely for its financial possibilities.
An example of a group of people who value a landscape for its economic purposes is a mining company.
AESTHETIC
Aesthetic values are appreciating the landscape for its beauty.
The Sydney Opera House is an example of aesthetic because the architecture is very different and pleasing to look at.
CONFLICTS
WHAT DOES IT MEAN?
Conflict is when two or more people/groups disagree on a matter.
WHY DO CONFLICTS OCCUR?
Conflicts occur because people have different values and priorities.
DESCRIBE AN EXAMPLE
A company wants to build a city where a national park is.
WEEK 6
ESSAY
WHAT SUBJECT DID I CHOOSE?
I chose the second subject:Discuss the conflict that sometimes occurs when different groups of people place different values on a land form or landscape. Use examples to support your conclusion.
CROCODILE DUNDEE
HOW DOES IT RELATE TO LAND USE VALUES?
Crocodile Dundee relates to land use values because there was many groups that valued the land in different ways.
TEEL PARAGRAPHS
EXPLAIN
Explain the topic sentence in more detail
TOPIC SENTENCE
Introduce the topic you're going to be talking about, not in very deep detail.Don't say "I will be talking about...."
EXAMPLE/EVIDENCE
Use examples and evidence to back up the point you made in the previous paragraphs.
LINK
Link the whole paragraph to the next paragraph or the topic sentence.
WEEK 7
HOW ARE MOUNTAINS FORMED?
3 TYPES OF MOUNTAINS
BLOCK
A block mountain is formed when a
crack
in the Earth's crust pushes blocks upwards.
VOLCANIC
A volcanic mountain is formed when
magma
escapes the mantle.
FOLD
A fold mountain is formed when 2 tectonic plates meet and
both
push upwards
TECTONIC PLATES
HOW THEY MOVE
The tectonic plates move because the core is so hot that it makes the mantle move around, which causes the tectonic plates to move on top of the mantle.
3 WAYS THEY MOVE
Mantle convection currents
Ridge push
Slab pull
HOW THEY FORM
Tectonic plates were formed when the Earth's crust broke apart a long time ago?
LAYERS OF THE EARTH(OUTER-INNER)
MANTLE
The mantle is formed from melted rock, which moves around like very thick liquid.
OUTER-CORE
The outer-core is made up of liquid metal that can reach 6,000 Degrees Celsius.
CRUST
The crust is a solid layer, and it is formed my movable plates called Tectonic Plates.
INNER-CORE
The inner-core is made of solid metal of about 10,000 Degrees Celsius
HOW WE USE MOUNTAIN LANDSCAPES
SITE OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT
Mountains have a source of fresh water and lots of rain.
MINING
It is easier to mine in mountains because the rock layers are folded upwards.
FARMING
Mountains have great soil, rivers and lots of rainfall.
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
Mountains have fast-flowing rivers that can easily be used for hydroelectricity.
TOURISM
They are beautiful and can be used for sports and recreation.
