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Chapter 5: Tissues and the Primary Growth of Stems (Stem Growth and…
Chapter 5: Tissues and the Primary Growth of Stems
Basic Types of Cells
Cells
Collenchyma
primary walls
thick & thin areas
alive(mature)
pectins
plastic support
OR bands near vascular bundles
layer under epidermis
more glucose expenditure
absorb water
Sclerenchyma
primary wall
secondary wall
thick
lignified
types
Mechanical
sclereids
#
short & cuboidal
dead(mature)
both elastic 2nd wall
inflexible
fibers
long
flexible
dead
alive
storage
active metabolism
starch/ CA oxalate
plasmodesmata
lignin
waterproof
no secondary wall
pits
Conducting
Tracheids
long & narrow
tapered ends
dead (mature)
vascular plants
no perforations
Vessel elements
short & wide
perpendicular ends
perforations 1-2
dead(mature)
transports H20
Lignin-strength,waterproof
Parenchyma
primary walls
thin
alive(mature)
active metabolically
types
Glandular
secrete nectar, fragrances, mucilage, resins, and oils
few chloroplasts
sugar/mineral transport
Chlorenchyma
numerous chloroplasts
photosynthesis
Transfer
Membrane transport
increase S.A.
pump
short distances
many functions
mature death
little glucose expenditure
absorb water
Plant Body
Primary
Secondary
wood, bark
woody
primary -> secondary
roots, stems, leaves
herbaceous
herb= no wood
Internal Organization of Stems: Arrangement of Primary Tissues
epidermis
outermost
single living parenchyma cells
protection
cutin
impermeable
fatty
cuticle
guard cells
stomatal pore
stoma
daytime
CO2
absorption
waxes
#
Cortex
interior
cells
compact
Vascular Tissues
xylem
#
conducts
water & minerals
larger
Phloem
#
distributes
sugars & minerals
Vascular bundles
xylem & phloem =
parallel
collateral
interior cortex
External Organization of Stems
shoot
stem
axis
terminal bud
leaves, flowers, buds
nodes
internodes
leaf axil
Phylotaxy-arrangement of leaves
angiosperms
basal
waterlilies, magnolias, laurels
eudicots
roses, asters, maples
monocots
grasses lilies, cattails, palms, bromeliads
Stem Growth and Differentiation
apical meristems
mitosis
cytokinesis
primary growth
primary tissues
subapical meristems
below apical
protoderm
#
epidermal cells
early
provascular tissues
xylem & phloem
young
ground meristem
pith & cortex
young
connected
connected
connected
