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FAIRNESS (Where does it come from?) (Evolutionary Development (Value of…
FAIRNESS (Where does it come from?)
Evolutionary Development
Pressure to stabilize cooperative groups
ex: inequity aversion (responding negatively to receiving less awards than another)
Value of Justice
Anticipation of social rewards
Aspects of justice are inherently rewarding
Neuroscience
Neuroeconomics
Behavioral Economic Games
social decision-making network
Valuation systems interact with social cognition
Neurotransmitters related to fairness processing
2 identified systems
self-serving assessment
identifies injustices
types of games:
Ultimatum Game
Impunity Game
Prosocial Games
Neural networks for social cognition
Rapid, heuristic-based network
Slow and deliberative network
networks make decisions based on self-serving biases and the need to maintain bonds with others
Developmental Factors
Parenting's influence on children
Environmental and genetic factors
Collectivist environment = tendency for equality
Individualistic Environment = tendency for equity
Development during infancy
Can identify and choose between justice and injustice
2nd year = expectations of equal distribution of resources
Expectations are learned through experiences
15 month-old children can engage in altruistic sharing
Sharing increases with age
preference for equity or equality influenced by age and environment
Personality Traits
Self-oriented justice sensitivity
value individual benefits
less generous and more likely to stop contributing to public goods
Other-oriented justice sensitivity
generous and cooperative
beneficiary-sensitivity - benefits from injustice/justice
observer-sensitivity - third party witnessing the action
perpetrator-sensitivity - doer of the action