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6/2 Comparative Anatomy 11) Acid-base balance (Definations (Acid= …
6/2 Comparative Anatomy
11) Acid-base balance
Definations
Acid=
Something that can donate a proton
Base=
something that can accept a proton
Buffer=
A chemical that resists a change in pH
pH=
Hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
Hydrogen ion (H+)=
key to acid -base regulation
Normal pH levels
Neural pH=same pH of pure water
Temperature varies pH
Biological Imprortance
small changes in acid-base balance=
significant effects on body function
All normal metabolic reactions in cells produce an acid load
Regulation
H20+CO2<-->H+ + HCO3-
H2CO3=Carbonic acid
Physiological control of pH
Monitoring and control systems
.
First line of defence againt pH shift
Second line of defence against pH shift
System
Respiratory system
Imbalance of O2 and CO2
Hyperventilation
Respiratory malfunction
(injury, disease)
Hypoventilation
Non-respiratory cause of imbalance
Ventilation is reflexly altered
Compensates for imbalance
Renal system
(Kidney)
Excrete excess H+ from non-volatile acid
generated in body by metabolism
When H+ lost, it replenishes the body
Digest system
Urinary syytem
Cardiovascular system
(blood transport)
.
Acidosis=
(pH falls below 7.4)
Alkalosis=
(pH goes above 7.4)
Acid-base disorders
Respiratory -most common
Hypoventilation increase PaCO2 (hypercapnia)
and initiates acidoses
-fails to eliminate CO2
Metabolic -common
Cardiovascular
Neurologic