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5.5 protecting and restoring terrestrial habitats (ecological restoration:…
5.5 protecting and restoring terrestrial habitats
ecosystem approach: prevention of provoked extinction by humans by protection of endangered species/habitats
resilient to partial use and thus set aside for sustainable use
fragile an thus require complete protection
already degraded
establishing protected areas
ecologists&biologists call for 20% of earth land protected/only 6% is protected rn
opposed by developers cz lands contain resources that could provide short term economic benefits
ecological insurance policy
islands of biodiversity and ecosystem services
centers for future evolution
wilderness areas:undisturbed, protected by law from:
forestry
road/trail development
mining
building construction
only scientists/rangers allowed
parks and nature reserves: people interact w nature (not ideal)
too small to sustain large species
barely any protection (paper parks)
large #s of visitors cause damage
trash
vehicles (dust, pollution, erosion
amenities
cell phone towers
intro of invasive species
ideal park
bigger
variety species/habitats
habitat corridors
protect channels between reserves
allow migration to favorable areas depending on weather/resources
buffer zones
area around central protected rea
people take resources from outer core instead of protected inner core (sustainably)
biodiversity hotspots: highly endangered species endangered by humans (nowhere else in world)
IUCN-only 2.3% of earth land contain 50% of plant species and 42% of land vertebraes
suffered ecological disruption cz of rapid pop growth and pressure on resources and services
1.2 billion ppl
only 5% of the area in truly protected by law
protecting ecosystem services
identify & protect areas where services are impaired
life raft ecosystems
high poverty levels, ppl depend on services to survive
degraded ecosystems enough to threaten humans and species
work together to protect humans and nature and services that support life and economies
ecological restoration: process of repair damage humans have done
replanting forests
reintroducing keystone native species
removing harmful invasive species
freeing river flows by removing dams
restoring grasslands, reefs, wetlands, stream banks
restoration
identify causs of degradation (pollution, farming, overgrazing, mining, invasive species)
stop degradation by eliminating/rdeucing factors
reintro keystone species to restore natural eco process
protect area from more degradation & allow recovery
rehab
replacement
creating artificial ecosystems
reconciliation ecology: caring new habitats to conserve diversity in recreational places
sustainable ecotorusim
quitting pesticides
urban gardens that attract pollinators
bird boxes
sustainable forestry
include eco services of forests in estimates of their value
identify and protect diverse areas
no logging in old growth forests
no clear cutting on steep slopes
reduce road building and rely on selective strip cutting
leave standing dead trees and fallen trees for wildlife and nutrient cycle
put tree plantations on deforested land
certify timber grown w sustainable ways