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Anglo Saxons and Norman England (anglo saxons (The battle of gate Fulford,…
Anglo Saxons and Norman England
anglo saxons
came to Britain after the romans
the king was the most powerful person
the king controls, law making, money, landownership, military, taxation.
the witan was a council that advised the king
earls, most important after the king, collect tax, oversee laws, military power.
Edward the confesser, had no children.
church owned 25% of land
the Godwin family
Harold, Tostig, Edith (married to Edward the confessor )
they controlled Northumbria, East Anglia, Godwinson, Wessex.
they made good political marriges
almost as wealthy as the king
brother in law to the king, they has succeeded the throne in the past so may do again
strong army
lords to hundreds of thegns
influencial in the church
Tostig
Harold Godwinson brother
earl of Northumbria
strong leader
deeply unpopular
he overtaxed his people
he has rich nobles assasinated
imposed new laws
wrongly accused people just because they were his enemies
so there was an uprising against him
Northumbria was still under Dane law and this was an old Viking thing so he obviously did not use it so this furthered there dislike for him
Harold went on an embassy to Normandy to swear on holy reliquial that he would support William
structure + roles
earls, powerful, often advisors to the king, controlled large areas of land calls earldoms, collected tax and kept a third so rich, law and punishment within the earldom, militarly stong- had pro soliders called house carls.
thegns, local lords, smaller areas of land within to earldoms, had t provide and arm when needed
peasants, most of the population, farm labourers, woked for lecal thegn,
slaves, property rather than people
claiments
Edward had no child to be an heir
Bayeux tapestry depicts his death, and Harold is by his side
Harold Godwinson
the king said he should be king on his deathbead
supported by witnesses
was choosen
good chances as he was supported by the witan
he had shown he was willing to go against tostig
England backed him
Harald Hardrada
based on a secret deal
had a good army
battle experience
places with Dane law liked him
descendent of king cnut
king of norway
Edgar Aethling
royal blood
desendent of aflred the great
but only a teenager
witan did not want a boy king
William of Normandy
he had and agreement with Edward following Harold's embassy in normandy
backed by the pope
lacked evidence
military strength
The battle of gate Fulford
the new king stationed troops on the south coast
the normans did not invade
the troops were disbanded
but an attack was immanent, but not from Normandy as he thought but from Scandinavian
harald hardrad invaded England !
Tostig incouraged harald to do this, the kings very own bro!
Tostig was exciled and replaced by morcar so not happy
Edwin and morcar were poplular and earls of mercia and Northumbria and there sister was married to the new king
harald brought 10 000 men to the battle
Edwin and morcar brought men to battle haralds men
the English created a shield wall
harald hide with some of him men whilst Tostig lead the rest
eventually they reviled them selves and attacked from the back
hardrad was victorius
they were promised hostages and went to Stanford bridge to wait form them
Stanford bridge
waiting for the hostages
they expected no trouble so brought few weapons
all that was between then them as a river
just a narrow bridge between them
apparently one norwagan man stopped all the whole englsih army from crossing the brigdes
until a English soliders came under the bridge and soved a spear up to kill the solder form below
the English stampeded across the bridge
they both formed shield walls
herald tried to get Tostig back on his side, it did not work
the Norwegians where outnumbered
hardrada and Tostig were killed
backup had been called for earlier but the ships arrived to late
housecarlds, pro soldiers
fyrds, normal people who fought
battle of hastings
William VS the king
William had a papal banned, so had the support of god
the english
shield wall, there only tactic
this forced the normans back down the hill
after the wall broke herald had died
the normans
cavalry and archers were a shock!
they thought that William had died
they tried the feigned retriate to break this shild wall
this weaked the wall
now he set off to London to claim the English throne
had a better stronger army so won
why did he win
luck
-the English has one, predictable tactic
-the Normans had a mixture of tactics
Normans
willam has won the battle of haastings and is taking control, but is will take many more years till he feels secure in his power.
the way he control was socially and economic
Williams problems
English landowners were still alive and oppesed him
not everywhere was easy for him to conquer
he has 7,000 men but England was over 2 million people
Williams men wanted to go home
he had lost a lot of me at the battle of hastings
if he gave land to his men the English would rebel
there was dangers that the Danes might invade England
he also had to carry on defending Normandy
the submission of the earls
he murdered all the Garson in dover
he sacked all villages on the way to Wallingford
he carried on sacking villages on the way to London
the earls submitted in London and he was crowned on Christmas day
this was an example of psychological tactics to induce fear and intimidate
the earls were planning to put Edgar on the throne before this happened
the marcher earldoms
Hereford - William Fitosbern
sherwsbury - roger de Montgomery
chester - hugh d'Avranches
he wanted to secure the border between England and wales as they were becoming a threat
sheriffs reported to their earl instead of the king like other sheriffs
marcher earls could create new towns, markets and establish churches.
the new churches replaced Anglo Saxon ones so showed how in control they were
castles
William was building castle as soon as he got there
on a low mound, a motte
wooden tower for defence
motte and bailey
hard to build
they enabled them to dominate over the people of England
the fences area was where the soldiers would have lived, stored their weapons and stabled the horses.
castle were a physiological impact to the people that the Normans were now defiantly in control.
palisade was a fence to protect against attacks
revolt of Edwin and Morcar
they began to gather allies against william.
Edwin was probably angry as he had been promised one of Williams daughters and never got her.
William also reduced the power they had had before and this angered them
but William realized there was danger and lead an army up to where they were
William allowed his men to destroy and punish the villages on the way to warn against rebellion
they earls quickly surrender and there was no fighting
rebellion of the north
in 1967 Edgar to sanctuary with the king of Scotland, Malcolm
malcom marrried edgars sister, edgar had to agree
Cumin became earl of northumbria, he took an army to the north but he was killed with 400 of his men as he was a Norman
this caused an uprising in York
willaim brought an army to northumbria an killed lots of the people
but then a viking fleet arrived
this combined army then reached York
they burnt down the bought of York
but then william payed the vikings to leave
hereward the wake and the rebellion at Ely
the danes had brought a new fleet to england
they were threatening an invasion and many rebels tried to stop this, hereward was the one that was a leader of this.
hereward and his allies held ely for over a year
williams men could not keep the situation under control an the marshland that surrounded ely made this very hard
morcar joned the rebels in ely
the danes were easy to deal with, he just bribed them to go and it worked
he made a bridge but this broke, then he build another bridge
ho one knows what happened to hereward
morcar surrendered and was imprisoned for life
some of the rebels had there hands and feet cut off and eyes cut out as a warning to others
harrying of the north
william salted the earth so they starved
the slaughted the livestock
homes were burned down
the wikings never attacked again
William was criticized but many including the pope so the church got a lot of money to try and make amends
changes in land ownership
land is taken from anglo saxons and given to the norman s
tenents in cheif now hold lots of the land in england
tenets in chief - held their land directly from the king
revolt of the earls
ralph de gael, norman
roger de breteuil, norman
waltheof, anglo saxon
r and r asked w if he wanted to join the revolt
he agreeed but them snitched on them to lanfranc
lanfranc spoke to them but they refused to agree to stop so he excommunicated them
so it failed
they contancted the danish to help rebel but they arrived late so it did not work!