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Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Technologies (Today Computer (:red…
Chapter 1:
Introduction to Computer Technologies
What is Computer?
:check: Multipurpose : electronic device
:check: Accept data, Process data, Produce result & Store data or result
The Computer System
IPOS Model
Input
- Data is transmit into a computer through input device such as keyboard, mouse, scanner, digital camera.
Process
- Data is process in CPU according to instruction.
Storage
- Use flash drive, CDs, DVDs, etc. to store data.
Output
- Convey information to the user through output device such as on screen, printer, etc.
:red_flag:
Hardware
- Physical part of computer. (Components)
:red_flag:
Software
- A collection of instructions that tells the computer how to perform tasks. (Application/System)
Computer Architecture
Involves building a computer and all that goes into a
computer system.
3 Main Categories
:star:
System design
- Includes all the hardware parts.
:star:
Instruction set architecture
- Includes CPU’s functions and capabilities, programming
language, data formats, etc.
:star:
Microarchitecture
- Defines the data processing and storage element/data path and how they should be implemented into the ISA.
Computer Evolution
1st generation
-
Vacuum tubes
as electronic circuits/switches
2nd generation
- Use
transistors
as electronic switches.
3rd generation
- Computers use
integrated circuit (IC)
.
4th generation
- Computers use
microprocessors
.
The world’s first computers
:checkered_flag: IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (Harvard Mark I)
:checkered_flag: Colossus by AlanTuring (British military used it to break German codes during WW2)
:checkered_flag: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC) (US Army used it to calculate artilleries’ trajectories)
:checkered_flag: Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC)
Today Computer
:red_flag: Small, powerful, more reliable, less expensive, easier to use.
eg:
:fountain_pen: 3D printing
:fountain_pen: Haptic
:fountain_pen: Brain computer interface
:fountain_pen: Robots (humanoid robot - Sofia)
:fountain_pen: Interactive e-textile
:fountain_pen: VR headsets
:fountain_pen: Implantables
:<3:
Type of Computer
:<3:
Mobile computers & devices
Game devices
Supercomputers
Wearable technology
Stick computer
Embedded computers
Servers
Terminals
Personal computers
Early Computer
:warning: Expensive, big size, heavy, hard to use.
