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Dishonesty (Psychological perspective (internal rewards (Feeling good…

- - - - Moral identity has many facets and accessing a certain facet will cause a person to behave according to that identity
        
        financial incentive increases accessibility to goal oriented identity, thus increases dishonesty (Aquino, et.al., 2009)
  - - - Honest moral decisions depend more on the absence of temptation rather than on the active resistance of temptation (Green and Paxton, 2009)
        
        Dishonesty is associated with neural activity in the cognitive control areas of the brain
        
        Only some people can achieve a state of moral grace, even temporarily
- - - - Attention to one’s
        own moral standards
        
        depends on internal awareness
        
        More attention leads to less dishonesty
        
        concept of moral actors (Jordan et. al, 2011) in striving for a sense of self-completedness
        
        support for the self-completion theory
        
        immoral behavior deprives individuals of a moral self, motivating them to increase their moral behavior
        
        Mindlessness leads to a diverge from these standards
        
        Implementing contextual cues helps in increasing mindfulness to ones moral standards (Mazar, et.al.)
        
        Priming positive or negative traits strongly affect moral behavior (Sachdeva, et.al.)
        
        More on the individual
      - Categorization
        
        depends on stimuli and actions
        
        Malleability
        
        Reinterpretation of situations
        in a self-serving manner
        
        Increasing transparency or decreasing malleability of actions decreases
        dishonesty (Mazar, et.al.)
        
        Limit
        
        Stretching of truth
        
        More on environment
      - Motivation (Rick and Lowenstein, 2008)
        
        Competition
        
        Avoidance/Recoup of losses
        
        motivation affects reality
    - - individuals modify their beliefs through moral disengagement
        (Bandura, 1986)
        
        moral disengagement: when one deactivates their moral self-regulation
        
        individual persuades oneself by thinking that the act is acceptable
        
        study: moral disengagement as the consequence of a dishonest act (and not the cause) by Shu et al., 2011)
        
        finding: moral disengagement can come from the dishonest act as a result, but this can be corrected through honor codes (to increase their awareness of morality)
      - acts that serve the self-interest may be done unconsciously (Shalvi et. al, 2012)
  - - - Anticipated - before an ethical violation
      - Experienced dissonance - after an ethical violation
      - Justification process
    - - experienced conflict between "right" and "wrong" behavior
      - Conflict between "right" and "wrong" behaviors