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The Enlightenment of the 17th and 18th Centuries (Week 7: Political…

- - - - A Sufi Ottoman Coffee House
        
        A French coffee house in the late 18th century
        
        A pleasure district in 17th century Tokugawa Japan (pools, swimming, etc.)
        
        Not sinning by drinking alcohol
        
        Coffee makes you more awake and hyper but different from alcohol. Produces this sense of enlightenment
        
        Closer to God by drinking caffeine
        
        Why consuming this entertainment? Hot stimulant of working to relaxing with your friends
        
        Are urban people judging whether it's coffee or alcohol? Very relative. Don't want people abusing things
        
        Puritans HATE it. (We are dry county "Bible Belt")
    - - The idea of a calendar, trying to start the new year right. Introducing this new thing to inspire that the day will be great. Give a sense that each day will be great > inspiration
      - The name of the Calendar is "The Calendar Maker's Wife"
      - Turning sexuality into the public rather than it all being about marriage and reproduction. Sense of independence for women
      - She manipulates desire in a public way
      - Why are people reading his stories? Wants us to think about reality in another way. Trying to say to women > this could be dangerous for you
      - Relationship between woman and man = strange. More like distant objective relationship instead of real human relationships
  - - - Dutch house town in the 17th century - not Starving or Depressed people. They have pets (like dogs)
      - They have leisure time (Sitting down playing music)
      - Wearing a wide variety of clothes and colors
      - Not super wealthy. They live in town (like the emergence of the middle class)
      - Have a lot of kids. Can afford things. Spending money
      - Are they Godly? House NOT clean. seems like they aren't cause Godly people kept the house clean
      - Painter trying to say they are sinners?
      - Why did Puritans (Christians religious) not wear bright colors? Only wear black and white. Because they did not want to be too flashy. Thought it would take the attention away from God. Focusing on self rather than God and that was bad.(The people in the picture wore bright colors)
      - Dutch NOT puritans
      - The Dutch became really rich so would buy stuff 1.) Could be a sign of a Sinner BUT 2.) Also sign of Wealth
      - Why is the picture a sign of American Greed? Because of Success and virtue. Seen as a good person nowadays in you are successful. Not successful = not seen as a good person.
      - Why do you believe a rich person is a good person? Because wealth is a sign from God that you're going to heaven
      - Calvinist/Puritan work ethic. Their great work ethic is a sign they are favorable by God. Signs that you have made it.
    - - 2 prints issued in 1751 by William Hogarth
      - In Support of the Gin Act which eliminated small gin shops
      - They both represent the evils of gin contrasting drinking beer.
      - Seen = Mothers dropping their babies
    - - Galileo was all about the moon phases and questioning science in regards to the universe
  - - - Zen Buddhism constrained, Urbanization and the "floating world" of commercial entertainment in Tokugawa Japan
      - "Calendar Maker's Wife" from Five Sensuous Women, v. 3 (1682) - set in Kyoto (different volumes, different cities) (Kyoto and Osaka: 1686)
      - Zen Values
      - "In the Past on Credit, Now Cash Down" and "All the Goodness Gone from Tea" from Japan's Eternal Storehouse: Fortune, Gospel of the New Self-Made Man (1688)
        
        All the Goodness Gone from Tea (From Japan's Eternal Storehouse > Kyoto, Osaka, and Edo 1688)
        
        Pick pockets not making a living, but the honest work of a tradesman will not despair of making a living
        
        Said Ebisu tea which was tea of the God's so that merchants would buy it. (Even if not thirsty > this was dishonest)
        
        Made so much money Ebisu made a shop. Became the leading merchant in the wholesale trade
        
        Ebisu earned admiration and respect
        
        He doesn't want a wife until more $$. He said wives are expensive so no
        
        He started mixing used tea leaves with fresh ones
        
        He enjoyed prosperity but heaven did not agree (because dishonest)
        
        People in this time period value relationships with others more and making an honest living. So do NOT like Ebisu
        
        Felt like the lightning was a bad omen so didn't want his money
        
        Realties and servants didn't want his money once he died
        
        Felt like it was "dirty money" so Church wouldn't accept it
        
        The money went to brothel keepers
      - Believed the Aristocracy was an illusion
    - - Universe might be bigger than they thought. There's more out there
      - Book banned in Europe
      - Drew the Moon phases. Why did he study them? Interesting > found craters
      - Dutch, English like Galileo
      - Copernicus new world
      - New Ideas of World and Time
      - Sidereus Nuncius (Sidereal or Starry Messenger Venice 1610)
  - - - John Ogilby, First Road Map of England (1675)
      - Ishikawa Ryusen, pocket map of Japan with sea routes and distance tables (1688)
    - - The Church of England
        
        Elizabeth I (1558-1603) --- Persecution of Catholics and invasion of Ireland
        
        James I (1603-1625): Union of Crowns in 1603 (Scotland) creates "Britain" and publishes Bible
        
        Henry VIII (1509-1547) and Act of Supremacy (1534) --- Rise of the moderate "Gentry"
        
        Civil War (1640/2-1649: Execution of the King Charles I (1625-1649)
        
        The defeat of the Spanish Armada (1588)
    - - Elihu Yale, London East Company direct at Fort St. George, Madras in India (1684-1692)
      - Map of the trading system of the Dutch East India Company ca. 1640
- - - - (Information about him found under books but important to know he was around the same time period as these people)
    - - Doesn't write own autobiography like Equiano. Different personas depending on who is looking at him. Not well educated but can read and write
      - Russian Czar who was best known for extensive reforms in the attempt to establish Russia as a great nation. In the late 17th century
    - - "On the Duties of an Official" and "On Substantive Learning" (1750) and Qing China