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Ethnicity and Crime (Explanations (left realism (Lea and Young (LR - see…

- - - - argue that the ruling class normally able to rule the subordinate classes - however in time of crisis, this becomes more difficult
      - 1970s also saw emergence also saw the emergence of a media-driven moral panic about the supposed growth of a 'new' crime - mugging
      - saw the emergence of moral panic about mugging as a black crime at the same time as the crisis of capitalism was no coincidence
        
        the black mugger symblolises the distegration of the social order
  - - - LR - see crime as the product of relative deprivation, subculture and marginalisation
      - racism has led to marginalisation and economic exclusion of ethnic minorities
      - media's emphasis on consumerism promotes a sense of relative deprivation by setting unrealistic material goals
      - ethnic differences in stats reflect real differences in levels of offending by different ethnic groups
      - these leads to a formation of delinquent subcultures which produces high levels of utilitarian crime
    - - 90% of crime known to the police are reported by the public rather than discovered by the police by themselves
        
        if the police do work in discriminatory ways, it's unlikely that this can account for ethnic differences in stats
- - - - stop and search
        
        stop n search : EM more likely to be STOP and SEARCHED
      - policing - BOWLING - since 1970s allegations of oprressive policing of ethnic minorities
      - police racism - MACPHERSON REPORT
    - - prosecution
        
        the crown presecution service - responsible for deciding whether a case should be prosecuted in court
        
        CPS more likely to drop cases against ethnic minorities
      - Prison
        
        in 2014 - 1/4 of prison pop were EM - black 4x more likely to be in jail than white
      - convictions
        
        ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN OFFENDING
        
        black/asian defendants less likely to be found guilty
        
        suggests discrimination - police may bring weaker cases against ethnic minorities
      - arrests
        
        figures show that in 2014/15 the arrest rate for black was three times the rate for whites
        
        one reason may be members of EMG are more likely to deny the offence and to exercise their rights to legal advice
      - DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS - EM over-represented in pop grous