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The Research Process (The first step in the exploration phase is…
The Research Process
The first step in the exploration phase is identifying one or more research questions dealing with a specific behavior, event, or phenomena of interest
The next step is to conduct a literature review of the domain of interest. The purpose of a literature review is three-fold: (1) to survey the current state of knowledge in the area of inquiry, (2) to identify key authors, articles, theories, and findings in that area, and (3) to identify gaps in knowledge in that research area.
Operationalization is the process of designing precise measures for abstract theoretical constructs.
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research proposal detailing all of the decisions made in the preceding stages of the research process and the rationale behind each decision.
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The final phase of research involves preparing the final research report documenting the entire research process and its findings in the form of a research paper, dissertation, or monograph.
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our mental models or frames of references that we use to organize our reasoning and observations are called paradigms.
Positivism, based on the works of French philosopher Auguste Comte (17981857), was the dominant scientific paradigm until the mid-20th century. It holds that science or knowledge creation should be restricted to what can be observed and measured. Positivism tends to rely exclusively on theories that can be directly tested.
Post-positivism argues that one can make reasonable inferences about a phenomenon by combining empirical observations with logical reasoning
Ontology refers to our assumptions about how we see the world, e.g., does the world consist mostly of social order or constant change
Epistemology refers to our assumptions about the best way to study the world, e.g., should we use an objective or subjective approach to study social reality.