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Acanthocephala (Definitive Host (3) Fish, 4) bird, 2) mammal, 5) amphibian…

- - - - flea eats larva eggs
        
        cysticercus (larval stage) develop within the flea
- - - - causes inflammatory reaction and pain
      - sheep are susceptible and can die
- - - - oppossums
    - - predator
    - - ataxia
      - knuckling
      - muscle atrophy
      - neurologic signs
- - - - wild
      - domestic
      - most show no sign of disease
      - only host the parasite reproduces in
  - - - including mammals and birds
- - - - pic 1 is unsporulated
    - - dog
      - cat
    - - birds
      - reptiles
  - - - horse
      - ruminants
      - swine
    - - rabbit
      - rodents
      - birds
      - reptiles
    - - probably eating rabbit poop
- - - - contaminated food, water, stool
  - - - cysts
        
        oval
        
        refractile
        
        easy to mistake for other things
      - Zinc Sulfate
    - - trophozoites
      - fresh is best
    - - tests for specific proteins created during cyst formation
- - - - chronic diarrhea
- - - - upper GI tract
        
        plaques in mouth
- - - - pathogenic
- - - - snakes
      - chelonians
        
        turtle
        
        tortoises