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ART_HIST 232 Introduction to the History of Modern Architecture and…

- - - - Industrialization 1850-1910
        
        Crystal Palace
        Joseph Paxton
        London 1851
        Built for the World's Fair celebration
        Showcasing Technological advancements at the time(iron work and glass)
        Building had no character
        
        Rapid technological advancements
      - 1890-1910
        Early Art Nouveau
        
        Charles Garnier
        
        L'Opera
        Paris 1863
        Classical Prominence(colloms & capital) adorned with ornamentation intended for the beautification of the city as well as delineation of social status.
        
        Victor Horta
        
        Hôtel Tassel
        Brussels, Belgium 1893
        Ornamentation is inherently functional; Synthesis of ornamentation and structure; Ornamentation responds to the dynamics of a/within the structure
        
        Henry Van de Velde
        
        Bloemenwerf House & Furnature
        Uccle, Belgium 1895
        
        Ornamentation responds to and is informed by the dynamics of a/within the structure; The definition of space has extended onto the that which inhabits the space(i.e objects & people)
        
        Tattoos of the Congo People
      - Gothic Revival & Classism
        
        The function of structure made
        clear eternally and internally
        
        Flying Butress
        
        Vualted Ceilings
        
        Notre Dame
        Viollet-le-Duc
        
        Robert Smirke
        
        The British Museum
        London 1846
        Classical Greek Style using Modern Tech facilitated by industrialism to say they are the new Greeks (i.e. powerful, leaders of the time)
        
        Charles Robert Cockerell
        
        Grange Park Conservatory
        London 1823
        Still with classical elements elevated base, large colums, pronounced capital to convey national power
        Wanted to start building independent national identity. and started looking towards nature to do so
        
        Thomas Newenham Deane & Benjamin Woodward
        
        University Museum of Natural History
        Oxford 1855
        Craft as a means of instilling indentiy
        Nods back to Gothic expression through arched windows and pitched roofs, interior is a synthesis of gothic structure and then modern industrial techniques(iron work, glass ceiling)
        
        .
      - 1880-1920
        Arts & Crafts
        
        William Morris
        
        Phillip Webb
        
        The Red House for William Morris
        London(Bexleyheath) 1859
        Even though it has neogothic element, the primary expression of character is though asymmetry from an intentionally clumped organization based on interior function. The human touch of craft peaks in architectural irregularity
      - 1880-1890
        Early Tall Buildings/High Rise
        
        Louis Sullivan
        
        Auditorium Building
        Adler & Sulivan
        Chicago 1886
        Subtlly echoed Classical & Gothic form(base, "colums" in response from window, capital w/ off-center tower);
        Dense interor program(shops, apartments, large auditorium/theater, office)
        Nature is tied to culture(murals)
        Structural limitations from material
        
        Wainwright Building
        Adler & Sulivan
        St. Louis 1890
        The Tall building "Type was starting to take form"
        
        "It must be tall, every inch of it tall" Sullivan
        The Tall Office Building Artistically Reconsidered(1986)
        
        Constrains of the new urban city(growing population and land prices)
        To maximize space meant to build up building up
        "Form Follows Function"
    - - Movements
        
        1910-30
        Art Nouveau, Jugendstil
        Organicism
        
        Adolf Loos
        
        Goldman & Salatsch Building(Looshaus)
        Vienna 1909
        Private v Public; striving for decorum and respectability
        
        catering to the "Moderne Man" who need not be sumptous, classical, and eclectic.
        
        Raumplan
        Break 2-dimensionality and start thinking in volumes when designing plans
        
        Steiner House
        Vienna, Austria 1910
        
        Moller House
        Vienna, Austria 1927
        Cubic volume, division of public experince and private experienc; interior is volumes are planned but details of expereince left to occupant
        
        Prarie School
        
        Frank Lloyd Wright
        
        .
        
        Winslow House
        Chicago 1894
        
        Robie House
        Chicago 1909
        
        Larkin Building
        Buffalo 1902
        Pedagogical ornamentation to foster a productive, communal office spirit; hierarchy removed; sanitation, openness, power&prominence through monumentality
        
        Falling Water
        Mill Run, PA 1936
        
        .
        
        Chicago School
        
        .
        
        Burnham, Root, Atwood
        
        Reliance Building
        Chicago 1895
        Relation Between Form and Ornament: natural Texture is Ornament: Created a dialogue that steps into modernism that completely divorces historical citation
      - 1920's
        
        Movements
        
        .
        
        1910-1930
        Abstraction, Futursim & De Stijl
        
        Antonia Sant'Elia
        
        La CittàNuova Central Station
        Drawing 1914
        Progress, technology/modern techniques, dynamism, integration of transpo, forward movement; Lack of natural elements/all tech, momunetality for importance(but added an inintended heaviness like classical structures)
        
        Gerrit Rietveld
        
        Red Blue Chair
        
        Umberto Boccioni
        
        Development of a Bottle in Space
        1913
        
        Expressionism
        
        Werkbund
        
        Glass Architecture
        
        Bruno Taut
        
        1930s
        
        Movements
        
        .
        
        Modernism
        
        1940s
  - - - Greek & Roman Architecture
        
        Classical Order
        
        Columns: Base, Shaft, Capital
        
        Monumentality
        
        Structure
        
        Heavy Stone
        
        Space defining
        
        Mysticism
        
        Temples