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Chapter 3 - The Research Process (Common Mistakes in Research (Not…
Chapter 3 - The Research Process
Paradigms of Social Research
Frame our belief system
Positivism
, based on the works of French philosopher Auguste Comte (1798-1857), was the dominant scientific paradigm until the mid-20thcentury. It holds that science or knowledge creation should be restricted to what can be observed and measured. Positivism tends to rely exclusively on theories that can be directly tested.
Post-positivism
argues that one can make reasonable inferences about a phenomenon by combining empirical observations with logical reasoning. Post-positivists view science as not certain but probabilistic(i.e., based on many contingencies),and often seek to explore these contingencies to understand social realitybetter.
Ontology
refers to our assumptions about how we see the world, e.g., does the world consist mostly of social order or constant change.
Epistemology
refers to our assumptions about the best way to study the world, e.g.,should we use an objective or subjective approach to study social reality.
interpretivism
interviewing different participants and reconciling differences among their responses using their own subjective perspectives
radical structuralism
belief in radical change and seek to understand or enact change using an objectivist approach
functionalism
independent of the person conducting the observation or interpretation, such as by using standardized data collection
tools like surveys
Radical humanism
understand social change using the subjective perspectives of the participantsinvolved, then they are following a
Common Mistakes in Research
Not answering the question of the research top
Not managing the subject and the time to insure a good scientific response
Not knowing the subject or topic deep and wide enough
Overview of the Research Process
Rationalization phase
: observed
phenomenon event, or behavior by logically connecting the different pieces of the puzzle that we observe, which in some cases, may lead to the construction of a theory
Validation phase
: we test our theories using a scientific method through aprocess of data collection and analysis, and in doing so, possibly modify or extend our initial theory.
Observation phase
: to observe a natural or social phenomenon, event, or behavior that interests
Exploration
Design
Rationalization
Method
Strategy
Execution
Data collection
Testing
Analysis
Question
Reveiw
Theory
Social Order
Radical change
Objectivism
Subjectivism