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shoulder region (clinical presentation and complications of shoulder joint…
shoulder region
clinical presentation and complications of shoulder joint diseases
rotator cuff tendonitis or tear
shoulder dislocation
AC joint dislocation
inflammation of the shoulder
low back and neck pain
need to be examined and managed
clinical examination of the shoulder joint and management
physical examination
confirmatory tests
CT
MRI
X-ray
medical history
neer test
natural treatments
along with psychological treatments if needed
prevalence and incidence of sports injuries in the UAE
basketball
rugby
football
skateboarding
these injuries should be reduced by following the rules, warming up, cooling down, wearing safety equipments
others
joints
joints of the shoulder
scapulo-thoracic articulation
formed by the articulation between the anterior surface of the scapula and the posterior aspect of the rib cage (physiological joint)
fibrous
bones are connected with dense fibrous connective tissue
syndesmosis
sutures of the skull
gomphosis
no movement
cartilaginous
primary (synchondrosis)
bones are connected by hyaline cartilage
epiphyseal cartilages
between the first costal cartilage and sternum
ossify with age
no movement
secondary (symphysis)
bones are connected by a disc of dense white fibro-cartilage
intervertebral discs
pubic symphysis
between pieces of sternum
ossify rarely
limited movement
synovial
freely mobile
do not ossify
pivot
ball and socket
plane
hinge
saddle
ellipsoid
can get injured
anatomy
muscles
subclavicular
deltoid
others
rotator cuff
infraspinatus
supraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
brachial plexus
cords
lateral cord
3 branches
posterior cord
5 branches
medial cord
5 branches
divisions
each trunk give anterior and posterior divisions
no branches
trunks
upper/middle/lower trunks
only from upper trunk 2 branches
roots
C5/C6/C7/C8/T1
3 branches
ligaments
coracohumeral ligaments
transverse humeral ligament
glenohumeral ligaments
coraco-acromial ligament
coracoclavicular ligaments
sternoclavicular ligaments
interclavicular ligament
more
bones
scapula
3 borders
lateral border
superior border
medial border
3 angles
superior angle
inferior angle
lateral angle (glenoid fossa)
2 surfaces
anterior surface
posterior surface
4 fossae
glenoid fossa
glenohumeral joint
synovial
ball and socket
multi-axial
subscapular fossa
supraspinous fossa
infraspinous fossa
2 processes
acromion process
coracoid process
humerus (upper end)
head
lesser tubercle (anteriorly)
greater tubercle (laterally)
intertubercular (bicipital) groove
anatomical neck
surgical neck
clavicle
long, horizontal bone
superior surface is smooth
inferior surface is rough
subclavian groove
conoid tubercle
costal tuberosity
trapezoid line
medial end is rounded in shape and it articulates with the manubrium of the sternum
sternoclavicular (SC) joint
synovial
saddle
bi-axial
lateral end is flat in shape and it articulates with the acromion process
acromioclavicular (AC) joint
synovial
plane (gliding)
multi-axial
medially 2/3 convex forwards
laterally 1/3 convex backwards
articulation of 2 (or more) of the bones will form joints
role of psychological effects on sports injuries
major depressive disorder
patients become depressed when they are unable to cope with pain and use negative appraisal
with some preventions to reduce the
pathophysiology of joint disorder
swimmer shoulder
also called
shoulder impingement
ill-defined term for a variety of disorders of the shoulder that manifest as anterior shoulder pain especially during overhead activities
wide range of painful injuries such as
rotator cuff tear
due to overuse
over training
poor technique
using too large paddles
hyper mobility
bursitis and tendonitis
ligament and cartilage damage
treatment
applying ice
resting
using anti-inflammatory medications
seeking professional care
modifying swimming routine
and affect some parts of the shoulder