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Weeks 1-3 (Week 2 (Safavids (sunni tribalism VS. sufi religous brotherhood…

- - - - Edward Gibbon ~a key historical turning point
      - Mehmed the II & the Janissaries ~ subalterns
      - The Fall of Constantinople
        
        Byzantine Empire & the city walls of Constantinople
        
        53 day siege ~ already conquered the rest of the empire
    - - Babur ~failed to conquer Samarguand
      - Battle of Pinipat (1526) ~won via Akbar
    - - the Spanish subduing of the Canary Islands (1402/1496)
      - Christopher Columbus ~1st voyage after conquest of Grenada
      - Inter Caetera (1493) & the Treaty of Tordesillas
  - - - Battle of Zonchio: first significant use of cannons on ships
      - turkish privateer who rescued Jews & Moslems @ Granada
      - Battle of Lepanto: venetians + spanish defeat the ottoman navy
    - - nephew of Kemal Reis
      - assisted in the Battle of Zonchio & the Ottoman conquest of Egypt
      - made a map of the world
      - wrote book of the sea & presented it to Sulieman the Magnificent
  - - - took expiditions from Nanjing to advertise the greatness of China
- - - - cyclical & rely on seasonal production
      - focus on the domus
      - rely on hierarchy
    - - europe, asia, africa: wheat & rice
      - the americas: corn
  - - - the first religion to use printing to expand
      - went from India into China, Japan, & Southeast Asia
    - - expanded into north Africa, the middle east, India, central Russia, & southeast Asia
      - Five Pillars of Islam: monotheism, salat, fasting, charity, & pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca
    - - expanded into northern Europe & western Russia
  - - - monks spread mahayana buddhism thru silk road
      - theravada buddhism expanded via maritime trade routes
    - - spread rapidly to Afghanistan & India thru the silk roads
    - - under the rule of Ghengis Khan in 1206
      - converted to Islam & used Persian in Arabic script
      - destroyed by the black plague & Ming rebellion
  - - - Islamic writer in Tunis, North Africa
      - both parents die via plague
      - worried about disruptions caused via plague ~ includes the Berber tribesmen disrupting Saharan trade routes for gold
    - - Theory 1: the plague came out of Burma/China & reached Europe via the Silk Road in 1347
      - Theory 2: came out of the Black Sea region & only affected Europe & North Africa until 1352
- - - - technology: the gutenberg bible in moveable metal type (Gutenburg; 1455)
      - language: the polygot bible in Latin, Greek, Hebrew, & Aramaic (Spain; 1502-1517)
      - texts: the aldine press printed editions of Greek & Roman classics (Venice; 1495-1597)
  - - - sends the "95 Thesis" to the archbishop of Mainz
      - SOLA SCRIPTURA ~provides authority for ?'s of religious orthodoxy
      - SOLA FIDES ~faith alone is required for salvation
    - - Cortes was given La Malinche as a wife/slave/translator
      - captured Moctezuma II & the Night of Sorrows ~led to the death of Moctezuma II & retreating to Tlaxcala (1520)
    - - challenged model of Ptolemy inherited from the Romans & Greeks
      - saved Aristotle's idea that planets travel in circles
      - was dedicated to the Pope but associated w/ Lutheranism bc of Protestant German princes
    - - from Venice, Italy ~moved to Paris w/ father to court a french king
      - wrote 30 books after father & husband die
      - lady reason ~teaches the achievements of past women & chases away self doubt