Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Birmingham (how urban changes has created urban opportunities (social…

- - - - Canals in Birmingham have been cleaned up. The towpaths have been upgraded to encourage people to walk and cycle along the canals
      - Eastside City Park is a new park developed to ↑ the amount of green space.
      - “Birmingham Connected”- Traffic has been managed by creating a park and ride scheme, encouraging the use of buses and the Birmingham Metro tramline. = integrated transport system
- - - - Urban decline - competition from abroad → most of Birmingham's manufacturing industry has now gone. This has led to urban decline as manufacturing buildings were left empty and became derelict.
      - Deprivation - high unemployment → parts of Birmingham experienced a spiral of social and economic decline → deprivation.
      - Inequalities in housing - pressures on housing - not enough good quality and affordable housing for people in the city.
      - Education - quality of education poor in inner city areas such as Aston.
      - Aston is an area of deprivation with an ethnically diverse community → children struggled to access and succeed in education.
      - Health - in Aston, people with poorer English language skills found it difficult to access healthcare facilities.
  - - - Dereliction - derelict buildings common in inner city areas.
      - Building on greenfield sites - results in the loss of more green space → make urban sprawl worse.
      - Building on brownfield sites - improve a derelict site as the space is reused for a new development.
      - Waste disposal - a lot of household and commercial waste which creates challenges for how to manage the disposal
      - Atmospheric pollution - there are more vehicles on the road → leading to atmospheric pollution.
- - - - M1
      - Own ring road - M42
    - - these raw materials were then made into big heavy products