Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Birmingham (Location and importance (Centre of the country, focus of more…
Birmingham
Location and importance
Centre of the country, focus of more motorways than any other place
-
Top 15 “Best Cities in Europe to do business”; 31,000 business.
-
Range of businesses within secondary & tertiary inc. Jaguar, EON, Deutsche Bank + SME
-
-
Opportunities
Environmental
Canals in Birmingham have been cleaned up. The towpaths have been upgraded to encourage people to walk and cycle along the canals
-
“Birmingham Connected”- Traffic has been managed by creating a park and ride scheme, encouraging the use of buses and the Birmingham Metro tramline. = integrated transport system
Economic
Bullring shopping centre = 140 shops generating employment and income for the local economy → local multiplier effect
Bullring shopping centre = 140 shops generating employment and income for the local economy → local multiplier effect
multiplier effect - This occurs when a positive change happens, which then has a knock-on effect on other businesses. For example a new office may open, which leads to an increase in lunchtime sandwich sales at the local café and more bus passengers.
Social
Ethnic & cultural diversity allows people to experience different religions and foods, e.g. Balti Triangle [curry], St Paul's Square [live music], Birmingham Royal Ballet, City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra = culturally rich social life
5 Universities → over 65,000 students.
Challenges
Social and Economic
Urban decline - competition from abroad → most of Birmingham's manufacturing industry has now gone. This has led to urban decline as manufacturing buildings were left empty and became derelict.
Deprivation - high unemployment → parts of Birmingham experienced a spiral of social and economic decline → deprivation.
Inequalities in housing - pressures on housing - not enough good quality and affordable housing for people in the city.
-
Aston is an area of deprivation with an ethnically diverse community → children struggled to access and succeed in education.
Health - in Aston, people with poorer English language skills found it difficult to access healthcare facilities.
Environmental
-
-
Building on brownfield sites - improve a derelict site as the space is reused for a new development.
Waste disposal - a lot of household and commercial waste which creates challenges for how to manage the disposal
-
Sectors of industry
Primary - farming, mining, fishing → ‘acquisition of raw materials’
-
Tertiary - teaching, hairdressers, marketing, doctors → ‘services’
Quaternary - researching, doctors researching cancer → ‘new industrys’