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To what extent can histories be 'neutral' and 'objective'?
To what extent can histories be 'neutral' and 'objective'?
Ranke
Role of the historian is to be objective
Use of documentary evidence
Professionalisation of history
God's hand can be seen in history
Catholics
bias towards Russia
'neutral observer' - fails to achieve
Thucydides
Believes histories can be neutral and objective
"... conclusions which are reasonably accurate - through use of evidence
Speeches, biased, cant verify information
Athenian civilisation, spartan barbarism
Sophist approach
Herodotus
Multiple accounts - tries to achieve neutrality
However, uses mythology, dreams etc.
Use of sources, his attempt to provide where the info came from - attempt to be factual
Athenian biased
Claims, seeks objectivity
Elton
historians can be neutral and objective
history is like a science
objective of historian but past cant be changed
science - experiments, hypothesis
History - can't be repeated
E.H. Carr
Role of the historian in constructing history
advocate of the inevitable subjectivity
History is built on the past
historians create their versions of the past
historians - cultural, ideas, morals...
Not neutral, not objective
Bede
Venerable
Monk
Claims objectivity
God in everything
Objectivity within context
finding truth
deeply problematic to modern audiences