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Urban Gentrification (brain-4521220Structuralism (Capitalism image…

- - - - reflects gender roles without power dominance, construct and provide alternative sexual identities
        
        such as building ‘pink economy'
        
        rainbow crosswalks
  - - - impacts the community physically and socially, represented through changes in racial/ethnic composition
         average household income
        
        results in negative influences and exclusion of minority groups
  - - - ‘map’ the meanings of the city for different ‘textual communities’ and read the city as ‘text’ with urban metaphors
        
        "jungle", "bazaar", "organism" and "machine"
- - - - Neil Smith's Rent Gap Thesis
        
        A gap emerges between actual value of the property and its potential value
        
        Attracts investors and their friends/families to low-income neighbourhoods
        
        Promotes redevelopments of low-income neighbourhoods for profit, shifting areas to middle to upper-class
        
        The economic return of demolishing and replacing old buildings increases over time
    - - Gentrifiers increase the value of buildings by doing renovations themselves to significantly increase the value of low-income housing
      - Purchasing cheap real estate and doing renovations themselves is a lower risk investment than purchasing a more expensive project
  - - - For example, through the 1970's, cities such as London and New York had a movement of the middle-class moving to inner city neighbourhoods because of capital investment movement from the suburbs to the city, displacing low-income populations
- - - - Urban areas were not seen as desirable, when one acquired wealth it was common to move out of the city to the suburbs
        
        This graph shows the median income of households within Chicago in 1980, with high wage earners situated in the suburbs and low wage earners in the heart of the city
        
        Recently, there has been a shift in housing desires, and these cities which housed often low wage earning racial minorities are becoming desirable to young, wealthy home buyers
        
        As a result of this shift, existing buildings are being remodelled or torn down to make room for the new, more wealthy home buyers, forcing out people that are often the most systematically disadvantaged populations and are not in a position to resist these changes
  - - - Though this era is commonly referred to as a 'post-colonial' era, there are still patterns of colonization in cities in the form of gentrification
    - - Reconnaissance
      - Invasion
      - Occupation
      - Assimilation
  - - - In Canada gentrification is seen to have a specific impact on our Indigenous population
      - In the United States, African American populations are disproportionately effected
      - These populations are typically the same ones which were once displaced by the more traditional colonialism we think of, and are once again the targets of these new colonizations of gentrification
- - - - Certain phenomena can be predicted by the idea that history always repeats itself
      - Gentrification and colonialism can be related through the common stages that occur during each of them (Right to the City Montreal, "COLONIZING THE INNER CITY- GENTRIFICATION AND THE GEOGRAPHIES OF COLONIALISM.," Right to the City Montreal, 15 August 2012. [Online]. Available: https://righttothecitymtl.wordpress.com/2012/08/15/colonizing-the-inner-city-gentrification-and-the-geographies-of-colonialism/. [Accessed 2 February 2020].)
        
        1. Recon
        
        Studying the new territory to determine whether it is a worth moving into and developing
        
        2. Invasion
        
        Taking over the territory. In the case of gentrification, this is done by simply purchasing the property
        
        3. Occupation
        
        Moving people into the territory who fit the desired demographic
        
        4. Assimilation
        
        Allowing the new residents to pass there beliefs onto the existing residents in an attempt to convert them to the desired demographic
  - - - As properties loose value there reaches a time in which the profit being made by renting the exsiting unit is less than the potential profit that could be made by rebuilidng/refurbishing/updating the unit and renting it at a higher price
      - Modelling the rent gap as a function of time allows us to predict when a neighborhood will begin to gentrify