yr 9 geograph
geographical terms
space
place
interconnection
change
environment
scale
sustainability
when investigating the way that things are arranged on the Earth's surface. How people use and change the space they live in
Is the Earth's surface that is given meaning by people. Place can be both natural and constructed.
better understanding of the links between place and people, and how these interconnect affect the environment and the way we live
used to understand what is happening around us. Examine how environments develop, transform or disappear.
living and non-living things that makeup an area, and the ways they are organised into a system
how things are managed to maintain life on earth. To ensure the Earth's resources be used and managed so they can maintain for future generations
used to guide geographical inquires. Geographers use this concept to look for explanations and outcomes at different levels.
revision
features
physical features: are natural landforms created and changing naturally. for example hills, glaciers trees etc.
cultural features: are landforms that are created by humans, man made. For example buildings and parks.
BOLTSS
used to help describe whats in a map
border: the border around the map
orientation: how the map is set out
title: title of the map
legend: the key that describes the objects on the maps
scale: where everything is
source: what the map is showing us, the information on it
four grid
also known as AR, is used to identify and locate particular squares on a map.
grids
vertical lines: these lines are the eastings
horizontal lines: these lines are called northings
numbers increase east and decreases north
to find the location of a square write the number on the bottom left corner
6 figure
also known as GR, is split 10 by 10 finding the exact location of something on a map
coordinates for six figuire are written with no space!
LABDOW
factors affecting climate
latitude: position to the equator. This effects climate because of how the sun rays are facing making places to have stronger heat
altitude: higher the altitude the cooler the climate
barriers: orographic effect and rain shadow effect
distant from the ocean: further away the land is to the coast the hotter the climate is
ocean currents: a blanket over the land acts like an insulter
winds: pavilion winds coming from North in winter
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worlds biomes
biomes are areas on the earth with similar climate, plants and animals.
there are two types of biomes, terrestrial biomes that are found on land and, aquatic biomes that are found under water.
desert: (hot and cold) dry, almost no plants, often located in the centre of a continent
aquatic: (freshwater and marine) biomes underwater
forest: (boreal, temperature and tropical) full of plantation and animals
tundra: (alpine, arctic and antarctic) cold, short growing seasons and no trees
grasslands: (tropical and temperate) vegetation is mainly grass that supports many animals
degradation
food security
is the process of waring soil and rock.
occurs because of human activities that impact on the soils ability to support plants and animals
these include deforestation to make way for farms, increasing the numbers and density of farm animals, poor irrigation practices and over farming.
salinity
is a condition where the amount of salt causes problems in the soil, and impact on the environment
primary salinity, which is a natural condition that develops in the landscape over time
secondary salinity, which is caused by human impact
desertification
another type of degradation that affects millions of people around the world
food security is a state where all people at all times have access to enough safe, nutritious food to sustain healthy life.
food accessibility
food availability
knowledge and resources to use food appropriately
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food availability: means people have enough food of appropriate quality available on consistent basis.
food accessibility: means physical and economic access to food
knowledge and resources to use food appropriately: means using food safely and applying knowledge about nutrition, lean water and sanitation when preparing food.
biofuels
are fuels made from organic matter rather than fossil matter
around 15% of brazils total domestic energy supplies now come from biofuels made from sugarcanes.
an example of this is palm oil
but the process of making palm oil can effect climate change. Ways this happens is deforestation and land conflicts.
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solutions
high tech farming: using drones to track crops and farm animals
salinity tracker: to stop soil from getting too salty and causing crop damage
greening deserts: turn deserts into soil based lands, creating more agriculture lands to grow crops on
preventions
improve technology
improved fertiliser
irrigate Northern australia
water pipeline from the north
improve seeds
interconnection
globalisation: this means that the world is increasingly inter connected through social, political and economic means
examples of this process are, trade, tourism and technology
social: society and people
political: government
economic: prices, money and trade
interconnection around the world
our homes are filled with goods made by people we will never meet in place we never visit
workers in developing countries are sometimes exploited for their cheap labour and are paid much less than those in the wealthier countries who are buying the goods they produce.
globalisation can also lead to the loss of traditional skills and customs, meaning small local businesses can find it difficult to compete with large multinational companies.
when is come to globalisation, the environment is the lost in this situation because once more natural products are made, the more of the environment we're destroying. This can lead to water and air pollution, deforestation and climate change.
two of Australia's biggest trade partners are china and japan.
benefits of global trade
global trade means that you are now linked to manufacturers all over the world. meaning that you can buy a wider range of products at cheaper prices.
online marketing has increased in population very quickly. Australians have embraced online shopping for clothes at remarkable rate. Buyers don't only just benefit global trade, but they are also enormous benefits for the people that supply them.
employment and wealth has been created for hundreds of millions of people. This has improved living standards and life expectancies in many place and helped to pull out poverty.
interconnection
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Today, trade between nations is valued at about US$18 trillion a year and international trade links people and places around the world.
imports and exports have a huge economic value for countries and the around of trade taking place between countries grows bigger each year.
Australia accounts for about 1.5% of global trade and is ranked 21st in a list of the worlds biggest exporters.
global trade connections