Growth & Division of Cell
The Cell Cycle
Life cycle of cells
The Growth Phase, Interphase
S phase
Genes replicated
Genome
Chromosome
Histones
G2 phase
Preparation for division
The Division Phase
Mitosis
Duplication division
Metaphase
Anaphase
Prophase
Telophase
Chromosome condensation
Chromosomes align along middle
Cytokinesis
Cell plate
Meiosis
Reduction division
Gamete cells
Haploid
Meiosis I
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telephase I
Interkinesis
Similar to Mitosis Prophase
5 stages
Less Common Cell Division
Cell Division in Algae
Nuclei division
Cytokinesis
Cell Division of Prokaryotes
Division of Chloroplasts & Mitochondria
G1 phase
Normal metabolism conducted
Synthesis of nucleotides
Longest part of cell cycle
Centromere
Telomere
Duplicated chromosome
Two chromatids
Differentiation
Endoreduplication
Gene amplification
Spindle microtubules synthesized
Proteins produced
Break down nuclear envelope
Process chromosomes
Cell cycle arrest
Plants reach maturation
Some live for years
Others die quickly
Flower parts
Gland cells
Two processes
Karyokinesis
Cytokinesis
Division of nucleus
Division of cytoplasm
Mitosis
Meiosis
Breakdown of nuclear envelope/nucleoulus
Formation of spindle
Metaphase plate
Separase digests cohesin
Sister chromatids are freed
Chromosomes separated
Pulled to opposite ends
Opposite of prophase
Nuclear envelope/nucleoli reform
Spindle disappears
Chromosomes uncoil
Phragmoplast Division of plants & many algae
Vesicle
Walls
Phragmosome
Vacuole division
Pachytene
Diplotene
Zygotene
Diakinesis
Leptotene
Chromosomes condense
Synapsis
Crossing-over
Homologs begin to untangle
Homologs untangle completely
Alignment in cell's center
Homologous chromosomes separate
Meiosis II
Does not always occur
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Prophase II
Telophase II
Nuclei are haploid
Occurs if telophase I does
Chromosomes align in middle
Chromosomes separate
New nuclei form
One chromatid per chromosome
Haploid
Karyokinesis without cytokinesis
Multinucleate cells Cells contain extra genetic material
Coenocyte
Division without nuclear division
Multinucleate cells undergo cytokinesis
Four-nucleate egg production
First stage
Second stage
Results in tetranucleate cell
Two small haploid nuclei
Two large triploid nuclei
Occurs in lilies
Nuclear envelop stays intact
Gaps develop
Microtubules pass through nucleus
Chromosomes remain condensed
Occurs in dinoflagellates
Algae without cell walls
Algae with cell walls
Cleavage furrow
Phragmoplast forms
Phycoplast forms
Nuclear envelope intact
Nuclear envelope broke down
DNA replication
Cytokinesis by infurrowing
DNA loops on membrane
Daughter DNA on membrane
DNA pulled apart
Membrane pulled inward
Pinches in two
Cross wall splits
Circles of DNA Similarly constructed DNA
Infurrowed or pulled in two
Separate by membrane growth
DNA replication gradually continual
Cohesin