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An elderly male patient with stomach cancer recently had a feeding tube…

- - - - Membranous cavity behind the mouth that connects it to the esophagus
      - Physiology
        
        Swallowing takes place here, pushing food into the esophagus
    - - Long, soft muscular tube connecting the mouth and throat to the stomach
      - Physiology
        
        Mechanically moves the food down to the stomach by a muscle contraction process called peristalsis
    - - Sublingual Gland
        
        Located underneath the tongue
      - Submandibular Gland
        
        Located beneath the jaw (mandible)
      - Parotid gland
        
        Located in the cheeks, towards the back
      - Physiology
        
        Saliva moistens and lubricates the food to be swallowed
        
        Amylase is produced here for polysaccharide digestion
    - - Physiology
        
        Stores and Churns food
        
        Pepsin digests proteins
        
        Stomach Acid (HCl) activates enzymes, breaks up food, and kills germs
        
        Mucus protects the stomach wall
        
        Small amount of absorption
      - Muscular organ located on the left side of the upper abdomen made up of five sections
        
        Fundus
        
        Body
        
        Cardiac Sphincter
        
        Antrum
        
        Pylorus
    - - Teeth
        
        Hard calcified structure inside the mouth to mechanically break down food
      - Tongue
        
        Muscle in the mouth, that aides in taste, chewing and swallowing food, as well as speech
      - Physiology
        
        Mechanically breaks up food particles to be swallowed and begin digestion
        
        Saliva is collected here to begin the chemical breakdown of the food
    - - Jejunum
        
        The middle section of the SI connecting the duodenum and ileum
      - Ileum
        
        End of the SI that connects it to the Large Intestine
      - Duodenum
        
        Beginning of the SI connected to the stomach
      - Physiology
        
        Enzymes continue to break down the nutrients and macromolecules as digestion is completed
        
        Mucus lines the organ to protect it
        
        Absorbs nutrients, mostly water
        
        Completes digestion
      - Part of the intestine that connects the stomach and large intestine
    - - Ascending Colon
        
        Part of the LI that goes up the right side of the abdomen
      - Transverse Colon
        
        Part of the LI that goes across the abdomen
      - Appendix
        
        Little sack that hangs off the LI, believed to aid in immune protection in ancestors, no real purpose in modern humans
      - Descending Colon
        
        Part of the LI that goes down the left side of the abdomen
      - Cecum
        
        Where the SI meets the LI, not very useful in humans, believed to aid in cellulose digestion in animals
      - Sigmoid Colon
        
        End of the LI that connects it to the rectum
      - Physiology
        
        A large majority of water reabsorption into the body takes place here
        
        Forms and stores feces
      - End portion of the intestines and digestive system
    - - Organ that sits on the right side of the abdomen, made up of five sections
        
        Coronary Ligament
        
        Falciform Ligament
        
        Right Lobe
        
        Ligamentum teres
        
        Left Lobe
      - Physiology
        
        Stores vitamins and iron
        
        Destroys old blood cells
        
        Breaks down and builds up biological molecules
        
        Detoxifies blood
        
        Bile aids in digestion by emulsifying fats
    - - Small pouch that sits right on the underside of the liver
      - Physiology
        
        Stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver
    - - A gland organ that functions in both the endocrine and digestive systems, located below and behind the stomach
      - Physiology
        
        Bicarbonates produced here neutralize stomach acid
        
        Trypsin and chymotripsin digest proteins
        
        Amylase continues to digest carbs
        
        Lipase digests fats
    - - A chamber that begins at the end of the large intestine
      - Physiology
        
        Stores and expels feces collected from the large intestine
    - - Opening at the end of the digestive system and connected to the rectum
      - Physiology
        
        Eliminates feces from the human body
  - - - Lipase
        
        Breaks lipids down into fatty acids + glycerol
        
        Produced in the pancreas
        
        Liver produces bile, which is not an enzyme, but works to emulsify fats and make them easier to digest
    - - Amylase
        
        Breaks carbs down into monosaccharides
        
        Produced primarily in Salivary Glands
    - - Protease
        
        Breaks proteins down into amino acids
        
        Produced in the stomach as pepsin
        
        Produced in the pancreas as both chymotripsin
- - - - A viscous formula, almost like that made for babies, made up of the major nutrients needed for the human body (proteins, carbs, fats, vitamins and minerals)
    - - Water and other liquids will be passed through this way