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URI (Diagnostics (ability to demonstrate significant numbers of…
URI
Diagnostics
ability to demonstrate significant numbers of microorganisms in an appropriate urine specimen to distinguish contamination from infection
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up to 50% of women will present with clinical symptoms of a UTI with lower counts (103 CFU/mL) [106 CFU/L]
Pyuria is defined as a white blood cell (WBC) count of greater than 10 WBC/mm3 (10 × 106/L) of urine
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Patho/etiology
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low pH, extremes in osmolality, high urea concentration, and high organic acid concentration protects against UTI
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ability to adhere to urinary epithelial cells resulting in colonization of the urinary tract, bladder infections, and pyelonephritis
common organisms
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Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Proteus spp., and Klebsiella spp
Complicated infections may be associated with other gram-negative organisms and Enterococcus faecalis
Treatment
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uncomplicated
healthy, premenopausal female who lacks structural or functional abnormalities of the urinary tract
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S/Sx
lower
dysuria, urgency, frequency, nocturia, and suprapubic heaviness
upper
systemic symptoms such as fever, nausea, vomiting, and flank pain
Goals
eradicate the invading organism(s), prevent or treat systemic consequences of infections, prevent the recurrence of infection, and prevent antimicrobial resistance
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