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weather hazards (atmospheric circulation
(winds) (winds are caused by…
weather hazards
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UK weather hazards
rain
- too much in short time = flood
- businesses close, disrupt transport, damage homes
= high cost
wind
- strong winds = damage properties + transport
strongest in coastal + upland areas
- uprooted trees - damage forests
snow and ice
- injuries and deaths
- schools and businesses shut
economic impacts
- damage crops
hailstorms
- driving dangerous
- damage property and crops
thunderstorms
- heavy rain, lightning, strong winds
- summer in SE
- death and fires
heatwaves
- heat exhaustion and breathing difficulties
- disrupt transport - roads melt etc
- tourism increases
economic impacts
drought
- low water supply - crop failure
- rules to conserve water
more extreme weather
- temperatures more extreme
- raining more
- major flooding occurs often
weather event in UK
causes, S/E/Env impacts, management
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due to cold air from northern europe and siberia
2 long periods of cold weather with brief thaw
nov and dec 2012
social impacts
- died from hypothermia / icy road accidents
- water pipes froze and burst
when thawed started to leak
40,000 homes without water for weeks
- schools closed -7,000 on 2nd December
parents = time off work
economic impacts
- transport disrupted - motorways shut,
drivers trapped for 15hrs,
trains and flights cancelled
- people unable to get to work
- christmas sales down
- impact of £1.6bn - reduce GDP by 0.5%
environmental impacts
- snow covered almost all of UK
50cm in hilly places
- frost damaged crops - sugar beet
- gas and electricity use doubled
increase co2 emissions
management
- prediction - warning system gave people time to prepare
- protection - prepared before happened
council stockpiled gritters and salt to keep roads safe
shortages as cold spell continued
- planning - emergency services and council planned how to deal with conditions like plans to close schools
tropical storms
formation
warm moist air rises and condenses
release energy = storm power
rising air = low pressure so increases surface winds
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storm gets stronger due to energy from warm water
so wind speeds increase
lose strength when move over land or cooler water
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features and structure
rise in global temperatures
- more places have tropical storms
- oceans at 27C for more of the year
- higher temp = stronger so more damage
eye
- 50km across
- descending air
- low pressure
- high temp
- light winds
- no clouds or rain
eyewall
- spiralling rising air
- strong winds and rain
- low temperature
at the edges
- wind speed drops
- clouds smaller and more scattered
- temp increases and rain less intense
- last 7-14 days
- spin anticlockwise in N
- clockwise in S
- coriolis force
effects and responses
primary effects
- bridges and buildings destroyed
- flood - people drown / injured
- roads, railways airports damaged
- electricity damaged - cut off supplies
- sewage overflow = contaminate water
secondary effects
- people left homeless
- shortage of clean water = disease
- roads blocked - aid not access
- businesses damaged - unemployment
- shortages of food
- more settlements = greater effect
immediate responses
- evacuation
- rescue / recover bodies
- temporary shelters / supplies
- foreign gov support
- tech companies - disaster response tools
long term responses
- repair buildings / rehouse
- improve forecasting techniques
- promote economic recovery - tax breaks
- improve building regulations
management
prediction
- use radar, satellite and aircraft data to monitor storms
computer models calculate prediction path
- gives time to evacuate and protect
planning
- future developments avoid risk areas
- emergency services train and prepare
- gov plan evacuation routes
protection
- buildings designed to withstand storms
put on stilts - safe from flood
reinforced concrete
- flood defences along rivers / coasts
- reduce destroy of buildings
= fewer killed, made homeless, unemployed
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