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Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis (Environmental & Internal Factors…
Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis
Energy & Reducing Power
Reducing Power
Oxidation
Loss of electrons
Oxidation reaction
Oxidized compounds
More oxygen
Redox potential
Redox potential
Accept/donate electrons tendency
Reducing potential
Force electrons onto compounds
Converting CO2 and H2O
Reduction
Gain of elections
Reduction reaction
Reduced compounds
More hydrogen
Other Electron Carriers
Cytochromes
Heme
Iron atom carries electron
+2 to+3 oxidation state
Plastoquinones
Two electrons, two protons
Plastocyanin
Copper atom carries electron
Energy Carriers
Guanosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Phosphate forced on ADP
Oxidation phosphorylation
Respiration
Photophosphorylation
Light in photosynthesis
Life's Structure
Photoautotrophs
Energy from light
Helps produce organic molecules
Photosynthesis
Green plants, cyanobacteria
Heterotrophs
Take in organic molecules
Animals, parasitic plants, fungi
Sunlight maintains order
Directly
Photosynthesis
Indirectly
Respiration
Photosynthesis
Light-dependent reactions
Pigments
Accessory pigments
Chlorophyll b
Resonance
Carotenoids
Structured
Antenna complex
All chlorophylls, carotenoids, proteins
Reaction center
Pair of chlorophyll a
Donates excited electrons
Absorbs visible light
Electron is activate
Ground state to excited state
Used in chemical reactions
Fluorescence
Chlorophyll a
Red and blue light
Red light (660 nm)
Blue light (440 nm)
Photosystem 1
P700
Transfers electrons to NADP+
Fx
Ferredoxin
Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductace
NADP+
Photosystem II
P680
Provides electrons for P700
Electrons from H2O
Water's role in photosynthesis
Electron transport chain
Phaeophytin
Q
Plastoquinone
Cytochrome b6/f complex
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Synthesis of ATP
Process of ATP synthesis
ATP synthetase
CF0-CF1 complex
CF0 pumps protons across
CF1 produces ATP
Chemiosmotic phosphorylation
H+ accumulate in lumen
H+ flow through ATP synthase
ATP is produced
Two pathways
Noncyclic electron transport
Cyclic electron transport
Stroma reactions
Calvin/Benson cycle
C3 cycle
RuBP reacts with CO2
Enzyme RuBP carboxylase
Two 3-phosphoglycerates created
1,3-diphosphoglycerate
3-phosphaglyceraldehyde (PGAL)
Product: 3-phosphaglyceraldehyde
Used to build molecules
Anabolic Metabolism
Light helps build necessary molecules
Polysaccharides
Gluconeogenesis
Dihydroxyacetane phosphate
Fructose-1,6-biphosphate
Fructose-6-phosphate
Glucose-6-phosphate
Amylopectin
Cellulose
Amylose
Fats
CO2+H2O+sunlight→glucose+O2
Environmental & Internal Factors
Water
Stomata open in day
Stomata closed at night
Leaf structure
Affects amounts of reactants absorbed
Palisade parenchyma above
Spongy mesophyll below
Stomata
C4 Metabolism
Kranz anatomy leaves
PEP carboxylase
Oxaloacetate
Malate
NADPH
CO2 absorbed, O2 not
Reduces water loss
Light
Quality
Color or wavelength
Quanity
Intensity or brightness
Duration
Number of hours/day
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
Similar to C4 Metabolism
PEP carboxylase
Stomata open only at night
