Chapter 3
PARADIGM- a philosophical or theoretical framework of any kind. An example or pattern. what is seen as clear or typical. Paradigm can be assumed or implied. often overlooked. identifying paradigms is essential to making clear or putting logic in many things such as how a certain group of people think or their decision making process and skills.
Popular Paradigms
POSITIVISM-Ideal that science or knowledge creation should be restricted to what can be directly tested. it was an attempt to separate scientific inquiry from religion.
POST-POSITIVISM-One can make reasonable inferences about a phenomenon by combining empirical observations with logical reasoning.
RESEARCH DESIGN
EXPLORATION- exploring and selecting
research questions for further investigation
Burrell & Morgan 1979
ONTOLOGY- assumptions about how we see the world, e.g., does the
world consist mostly of social order or constant change. (SOCIAL ORDER)
EPISTEMOLOGY- should we use an objective or
subjective approach to study social reality
FUNCTIONALISM - using standardized data collection tools like surveys.
INTERPRETIVISM - its the technique of studying social order through the subjective interpretation of participants involved (INTERVIEWING)
RADICAL STRUCTURALIST- Emphasizes structural conflict. advocates a sociology of radial change from a objectivist perspective
RADICAL HUMANISM- prioritizing the welfare of human beings in all circumstances.
RESEARCH QUESTION- specific questions about a behavior, event, or phenomena of interest that you wish to seek
answers for in your research.
LITERATURE REVIEW- Can provide some intuitions or potential answers to the questions of interest and/or help identify theories that have previously been used to address similar question.
THEORY- identifies which of the given constructs is most logically relevant to the target phenomenon and how.
OPERATIONALIZATION- Process of designing precise measures for abstract theoretical constructs.
RESEARCH METHOD- Method used for collecting data.
SAMPLING STRATEGY- strategy to selecting a sample from the targeted population.
RESEARCH EXECUTION
PILOT TESTING- It helps detect potential problems in your research design and/or instrumentation
DATA COLLECTION- Quantitative or Qualitative data collected.
DATA ANALYSIS-data is analyzed and interpreted for the purpose of
drawing conclusions regarding the research questions of interest.
RESEARCH REPORT- Documenting the entire research process and its findings in the form of a research paper, dissertation, or monograph.