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Immune System (complement pathways (IR) (mannose-binding lectin (MASP-1 +…

- - - - C3 convertase uncleave C3 to form C5 convertase (C2a + C4b + C3b). C5 convertase is used to uncleave C5, etc.... ( all the a parts flow away)
        
        C5, C6, C7, C8 and multiple C9 form a circle around the cell to be lysed (membrane attack complex)
- - - - 1 epitope (3D) can bind to a specific antibody, less likely of side effects
- - - - macro are antigen presenting cells
        
        APC can be with HLA or MHC (3 classes)
        
        class1: found all nucleated cells
        
        as for structure, consists of 3 alpha and 1 beta eg. HLA-A
        
        class 2: found on phagocytes (exc. neutrophils)
        
        for structure, contains 2 alpha and 2 beta eg. HLA-D_
        
        class 3: encode complement proteins
      - MHC II present the bacteria and T-cells (AR) bind to the bacteria.
- - - - SRBC + specific antibodies + patients serum then centrifuge
        
        serum did not have complement = RBC did not lyse (clear solution) & cells drop to the bottom of tube
        
        serum did have complement = RBC did lyse (red solution) & cell content remain in solution
  - - - if antibodies are present for antibody-antigen complex, complement cells are divided between RBC and antigens, no lyse (less lyse)
      - if no antibodies present for the antibody-antigen complex, the blood will lyse by complement
- - - - with exception to NK cells (formed at birth)
- - - - an opening between the e.cells (diapedesis) allows the cell to flatten to slip thru
        
        once inside, chemotaxis allows the integrin to migrate to injured cell
        
        the surface of the skin, this causes redness caused by swelling, loss of function, pain and heat
- - - - shivering increase and so does the metabolism to generate more heat and causes blood vessels to constrict resulting in cold sensation
    - - pryrogen resets the hypothalamus thermostat, increasing the temperature to kill microbes
- - - - binds to bacteria's cell surface to activate the complement process
    - - binds to bacteria's cell surface to activate the complement process
- - - - resulting in local or systemic distribution of mediators eg. red itchy eyes, hives, runny nose
- - - - phagosome is the vacuole encircling the bacteria + lysosome diffuse with it = phagolysosome formation
        
        killing and destruction of bacterial cells using o-dependent mech. (h2o2) or i-o-dependent mech. (lysozyme) to later be release the residual debris