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Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis (environmental and internal factors…
Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis
photosynthesis
stroma reactions
acceptor molecule
RuBP carboxylase
3-phosphoglycerate
3-phosphoglycerate
1,3-diphosphoglycerate
3-phosphoglyceraldehyde
NADP
ADP
aka C3 cycle
anabolism
anabolic reactions
synthesis of polysaccharides
gluconeogenesis
methods of energy storage
short term storage
ATP/ NADH
intermediate term storage
glucose/ sucrose
long tern storage
starch
Light dependent reactions
Nature of Pigments
pigment absorbes photon
activated
ground state to excited state
pigment releases photon
flourescence
types of pigments
chlorophyll a
hydrophobic
critical pigment
absorbs red and blue light
accessory pigments
chlorophyll b
hydrophobic
carotenoids
absorb accessive light
protect chlorophylls
resonance
transferring energy from accessory pigments to chlorophyll a
antenna complex
collection of 300:
chlorophylls
their proteins
carotenoids
reaction center
where energy is transferred to
different chlorophyll a
passes e- to electron acceptor
measuring photochemical processes
absorption spectrum
wavelengths absorbed by pigments
action spectrum
most effective wavelengths
nature of light
electromagnetic radiation spectrum
x-rays
visible light
gamma rays
etc.
photons/ quanta
energy & reducing power
energy
substrate level phosphrylation
glycolysis
2 ATP
Citric acid cylce
2 ATP
oxidative phosphorylation
ADP phosphorylated to ATP
oxidations w/ O2 in mitochonria
about 32 ATP
photophosphorylation
occurs in chloroplasts
reducing power
reduced
gained electrons
reduced compounds
usually has H atoms
reducing agents
NADP+
NAD+
oxidized
lost electrons
oxidized compounds
usually has O atoms
oxidizing agents
NADP
NADPH
other electron carriers
plastoquinones
transfer e- over short distances
pick up 2 e-
then bind to 2 protons
hydrocarbon tail
makes them hydrophobic
easily dissolve into lipid components
plastocyanin
can travel short distance down chloroplast membrane
contains copper
oxidized
2+ oxidation state
picks up e-, reduced
1+ oxidation state
cytochromes
part of thylakoid membrane
contains heme --> cofactor
holds iron atom
2+ or 3+ oxidation state
carry e- short distance between membranes
environmental and internal factors
light
quality of sunight
colors of wavelengths
quality of light
light intensity
light compensation point
photosynthesis rate = respiration rate
duration of sunlght
leaf structure
palisade parenchyma above
spongey mesophyll below
cylindrical leaves
water
amount affects photosynthesis
water retained at night stomata closed
CO2 produced reused photosynthetically
C4 metabolism
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CO2
transported
released
absorbed
O2 kept away from carboxylase
water lost : CO2 absorbed
plants water effeciancy
photorespiration
CAM
permits photosynthesis by conserving H2O
allows gas exchange at night
stomata remain closed during day
concepts
entropy
death/decay causes increase
disorder
sun decreases entropy
photoautotrophs
convert light to energy
builds own molecules from
CO2
nitrates
H20
sulphates
include
all green plants
cyanobacteria
photosynthetic bacteria
tissues
chlorophyllous leaves/ stems
algae
seedlings exposed to light
heterotrophs
respire organic molecules
multiple uses
fuel
carbohydrates
proties
lipids
construction material
carbon dioxide
can build polymers from
fatty acids
sugars
amino acids
all animals
fungi
parasitic plants
seedlings not exposed to light
tissues
wood
roots
respire starch
flowers
photosynthetic unit
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photosystems
photosystem 2
lots of chlorophyll b
aka P680
photosystem 1
little chlorophyll b
aka P700
contains pigments/ carriers packed into granuole
ability to force electrons onto compounds
absorb wavelengths not absorbed by chlorophyll a
ATP
NADPH
include
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enzyme carries out reaction
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conservation of water
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