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Opioids (Mechanism (binds to opioid receptor in CNS/PNS (mu1: euphoria,…
Opioids
Mechanism
binds to opioid receptor in CNS/PNS (mu1: euphoria, analgesia; mu2: respiratory depression)
full agonist: heroin, methadone, oxy - common in abuse
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tolerance develops rapidly, except the pupillary constriction and constipation
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Types
Naturally occurring: morphine, codeine
semi-synthetic: hydromorphone, heroin (crosses BBB more easily than morphine, converted to it in brain), oxycodone
synthetic: methadone, meperidine, fentanyl
Effects
intoxication - euphoria, analgesia, pupillary constriction (dilation in severe OD), respiratory depression, constipation, nausea
withdrawal - N/V, piloerection, diarrhea, dysphoria, fever, insomnia, muscle aches
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Treatment of addiction
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buprenorphine
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wait until withdrawal starts (makes them feel worse,
since it's partial agonist)