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60 year old female patient with a history of obesity and type two diabetes…
60 year old female patient with a history of obesity and type two diabetes has had a myocardial infraction and has permanent damage on the papillary muscles of the left ventricle. causing the mitral failure. Her blood pressure is 9 over 55 and her breathing rate is 30 breaths per minute and her heart beat is 125 beats per minute.Listening with a stethoscope reveals gurgling sounds. Her son asks about her condition.
Background information
Anatomy of the heart
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Coronary sulcus
atrioventricular groove surrounding the outside of the heart and divides the atria from the ventricles
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Myocardium
thick middle layer of the heart made primarily of cardiac muscle cells; responsible for the hearts ability to contract
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Chordae Tendinea
fine cords of dense connective tissue that attach to papillary muscles in the wall of the ventricles
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Arteries
Thick muscular blood vessels that function under high pressure to transport blood from the heart to the rest of the body
Coronary arteries
two main arteries that arise from the trunk of the aorta and function to carry oxygenated blood throughout the myocardium
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Capillaries
Tiny blood vessels that exchange oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and body tissues. Connectors between arteries and veins
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Heart Sounds
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Heart murmur
Abnormal heart sound, first indication of heart valve problems. result of turbulent blood passing through the heart.
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heart rate
number of times a persons heart beats per minute, usually 60 to 100 beats per minute
stroke volume
due to changes in the myocardium, venous return and inotropic agents influence the number of crossbridges, which alters the hearts contractions
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afterload
resistance in arteries to the ejection of blood by the ventricles , pressure that must be exceeded before blood is ejected from the chamber
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