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ROOT OF PSYCHOLOGY (Structualism (Structuralism was a school of thought…
ROOT OF PSYCHOLOGY
Structualism
Structuralism was a school of thought that sought to identify the components (structure) of the mind -- the mind was considered the key element to psychology at this point. Structuralists believed that the way to learn about the brain and its functions was to break the mind down into its most basic elements.
While Wundt is often listed as the founder of structuralism, he never actually used the term. Instead, Wundt referred to his ideas as voluntarism. It was his student, Edward B. Titchener, who invented the term structuralism
Functionalism
Functional psychology or functionalism refers to a general psychological philosophy that considers mental life and behavior in terms of active adaptation to the person's environment.
William James is considered to be the founder of functional psychology. Although he would not consider himself as a functionalist, nor did he truly like the way science divided itself into schools.
Modern Perspective
Biological psychology, or biopsychology, is a specialty within the field of psychology in which the mind-body connection is explored through scientific research and clinical practice. Alternative names of biopsychology include behavioral neuroscience and physiological biology.
Biological psychology as a scientific discipline emerged from a variety of scientific and philosophical traditions in the 18th and 19th centuries. In The Principles of Psychology (1890), William James argued that the scientific study of psychology should be grounded in an understanding of biology.
Sociocultural Perspective is a theory used in fields such as psychology and is used to describe awareness of circumstances surrounding individuals and how their behaviors are affected specifically by their surrounding, social and cultural factors.
Sociocultural theory was created by Lev Vygotsky as a response to Behaviorism. The main idea of the theory is that the ways people interact with others and the culture they live in shape their mental abilities.
Humanistic psychology is a psychological perspective that emphasizes thestudy of the whole person. Humanistic psychologists look at human behavior notonly through the eyes of the observer, but through the eyes of the person doingthe behaving.
Carl Rogers was very influential in the founding and promotion of humanism and is considered one of the most influential psychologists of the 20th century. His influence is most felt in the development of his person-centered therapeutic techniques.
Psychoanalysis focuses on treating mental disorders by recognizing the relationships between the conscious mind and the unconscious mind
Psychoanalysis was founded by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). Freud believed that people could be cured by making conscious their unconscious thoughts and motivations, thus gaining insight.
Medical Definition of cognitive psychology
: a branch of psychology concerned with mental processes (as perception, thinking, learning, and memory) especially with respect to the internal events occurring between sensory stimulation and the overt expression of behavior — compare behaviorism.
Newell and Simon's (1972) development of the General Problem Solver. In 1960, Miller founded the Center for Cognitive Studies at Harvard with famous cognitivist developmentalist, Jerome Bruner. Ulric Neisser (1967) publishes "Cognitive Psychology", which marks the official beginning of the cognitive approach.
In psychology, behavior consists of an organism's external reactions to its environment. Other aspects of psychology, such as emotions, thoughts, and other internal mental processes, don't usually fall under the category of behavior
John B. Watson. John Broadus Watson (January 9, 1878 – September 25, 1958) was an American psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviorism