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30/1 Comparative Anatomy 10) Osmoregulation (Defination (Osmosis,…
30/1 Comparative Anatomy
10) Osmoregulation
Definition:
To prevent water loss or gain
from cell the levels of water
in the blood needs to be regulated.
Water regulator:
-Kidney
Balance between salt and water
How gain water:
-Drinking, Eating, Respiration
How loss water:
-Sweating, Breathing, Blood loss,
-Urinating, Faeces, Other fluids e.g milk
Lack of water:
-Thirsty
Biological importance
If not enough water in body, cells don't work
All metabolic processes produce waste
Defination
Osmosis
Osmolality
Isomotic
Hypoosmotic
-solution of lower osmolality,
Hyperosmotic
-
Osmotic pressure
-Measure of tendency of a solution
to take in water by osmosis.
Key threats to osmoregulation
Marine animals
-Their body be able to the surrounding the pressure under water????
Fresh water animals
-Oxygen
-stop water into the their water???
Terrestrial animals
-Reliable water source
???
Types of animal
Osmoconformer
e.g:Fish, Shark
Osmoregulator
-Maintain a relatively constant blood osmolality despite different concentrations in the surrounding environment.
Range of tolereance
Tolerance of salinity
Euryhaline
-Adapt to large fluctuations.
Stenohaline
-Cannot adapt.
CTH
Mammals
Donkeys, Camel
-Not much water available. To walk to get water.
Osmoreceptors (thirst cells) in the hypothalaeus monitor the blood passing through the brain (osmoconcentration)
Response to lack of water
-Pituitary gland secretes ADH
-Kidney reabsorbs water (nephron)
-Thirst
Fish
Measure salinity of water
A freshwater fish
-Diagram
A marine fish
-Diagram
Osmoconformer
-Diagram
Marine bird
-Salt glands excrete excess sodium
-Active transport
-Frequently shake head
Amphibians
-Excretory systems that conserve water
-Some have reduced permeability of skin
to conserve water
-Aestivation
Reptiles
Do not need fresh water to reprosuce
Dry skin that retards water loss
Excrete uric acid, losing little water in the process