22-year old bodybuilder with shrinking testicles due to steroids
General functions of endocrine system
controls reproductive activities
regulates reproductive activities
maintains homeostasis of blood composition
regulates development, growth, and metabolism
controls digestive processes
infections from dirty needles
two affecting hormones
testosterone
inhibin
stimulates maturation and function of male reproductive system
inhibits release of FSH from anterior pituitary
Major endocrine glands
Pituitary (anterior & posterior)
posterior=ADH, Oxytocin
anterior= TSH, PRL, FSH, LH, ACTH, GH
Ant= holding onto oxytocin and ADH
Thyroid gland (follicle cells& colloid, parafollicular cells)
T3&T4, calcitonin
increase metabolic rate of all cells (fc&c)
tone down blood calcium levels (pc)
Adrenal gland
Cortex (Z. glomerulosa, Z. Fasciculata, Z. reticularis,medulla)
Mineralocorticoid aldosterone, glucocorticoid cortisol, gonadocorticoids androgens, epinephrine norepinephrine
requires Na+ K+ by decreasing Na+ increase K+ in excreted urine(zg), stress response(zf), stimulate maturation functioning of rep system(zr), prolong effects of symphatetic division (m)
Pancreas
Pancreatic islet, acing cells
insulin,glucagon (pi)
decrease blood glucose (i), increase blood glucose (g)
Ovary (mature follicle, corpus Luteum)
oocytes, follicular cells, corpus luteum
estrogen, progesterone
stimulates maturation & function of female reproductive systems
Testis
Sustentacular cells, spermatids, interstitial cells
testosterone
functioning of male reproductive system
hormonal pathway
hypothalamus-infundibulum- anterior lobe of pituitary- released thru FSH (inhibin), to testis
cardiovascular system
high bp, heart attacks, artery damage, strokes
hormonal system
decreased sperm production, low testosterone levels. shrinking testicles, breast development, testicular cancer
HIV, hepatitis B&C
Liver
damage, tumors, risk of peliosis hepatis- internal bleeding, death
Skin
acne, hair loss, cysts, oily hair and skin, infection from injection site, yellowing skin and eyes
when stopped:
slowly withdraw to allow adrenal gland to get back to normal secretion
side effects: weakness, fatigue, decreased appetite, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain
Low sperm count
Steroids promote muscles mass and strength
the steroids do not mimic testosterone exactly, so it will cause the body's hormone cycle to get out of balance