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Anabolic Steroid Abuse (Continued use may lead to.. (Liver tumors (long…

- - - - Pancreatic islet
        
        Insulin
        
        Decrease blood glucose
        
        Glucagon
        
        Increase blood glucose
      - Acinar cells
        
        N/A
    - - Medulla
        
        Epinephrine/ Norepinephrine
        
        Fight/ flight response
      - Cortex
        
        Zona Fasciculata
        
        Glucocorticoids
        
        Participate in stress response
        
        Increase blood nutrients
        
        Zona Reticularis
        
        Gonadocorticoids
        
        Androgens
        
        Stim. maturation of reproductive system
        
        Zona Glomerulosa
        
        Mineral corticoids
        
        Regulate Na+ and K+ levels
    - - Thyroid Follicle Cells
        
        Calloid
        
        TH (T3,T4)
        
        increase metabolic rate
        
        heat production
      - Parafollicular cells
        
        Calcitonin
        
        Reduce blood calcium levels
    - - Sustentacular (Sertoli) cells
        
        Inhibin
        
        Inhibits FSH
      - Spermatids
        
        N/A
      - Interstitial cells
        
        Testosterone
        
        Secondary sex characteristics in men
    - - Posterior Pituitary Gland
        
        Oxytocin (Oxy)
        
        Movement of sperm
        
        Contractions
        
        Milk Ejection
        
        Antidiuretic Hormone
        
        maintain fluid balance
        
        Retention of water
      - Anterior Pituitary Gland
        
        Leutinizing Hormone (LH)
        
        Controls ovary and testes function
        
        Prolactin (PRL)
        
        Promotes lactation
        
        Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
        
        Stimulates thyroid to produce T3 and T4
        
        Growth Hormone (GH)
        
        promotes growth
        
        Adrenocorticotopic Hormone (ACTH)
        
        stimulates adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids
        
        Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
        
        controls oocyte development
    - - Follicular cells
        
        Estrogen
        
        Secondary sex characteristics (female)
      - Corpus Luteum
        
        Progesterone
        
        Menstrual Cycle
      - oocytes
        
        N/A
  - - - Nonpolar
      - small
      - Lipophilic
      - how it affects target cell
        
        Target cell will most likely be found within the cytoplasm
    - - Polar
      - Can't cross through cell membrane
      - needs receptors
      - How it affects target cell
        
        Will reach target cell through receptors on the plasma membrane
  - - - Increase number of available receptors
      - Increased sensitivity to the hormone
      - occurs in response to decreased hormone amounts in the blood
    - - Decrease number of available receptors
      - Decreased sensitivity to the hormone
      - Occurs in response to increased hormone amounts in blood
    - - Too much of something is noticed, therefore it is counteracted or stopped
      - Ex: too much glucose is notices, body released insulin to lower it
    - - Continued use of the hormone
      - Ex: in contractions (via oxytocin) they continue until the baby is out
- - - - if stopped, then remission maybe
      - if not stopped, death
  - - - death