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history - medicine (renaissance Britain, 1500 - 1700 (the great plague…
history - medicine
renaissance Britain, 1500 - 1700
rebirthing
new ideas
the reformation - when henry broke from the church
the four humours was believed in less
Galan to proves to be incorred
the printing press as created so new knowledge was easier to get and ditribute
disections started to happen as the church had lost power and before they had been the main reason that deisections did not happen
1600 - first effective microscopes
William Harvey
English scientist
new theory that said that blood circulated around the body
rather than being made every day in the liver as Galen had taught
lectured of anatomy
he carried out dissections
he was also the kings royal doctor this helped this theories to become believed theories.
one is the issues was that the patients still beleiveed in the old theories so if that wanted those treatments the doctors would just give them to them as they would then be payed so new ideas did not develop as easily
more people practiced alchemy
treat illnesses by transferring it on the other things, EG sheep would sleep in your room if you had fever to try and get them to have the fever ?!?
herbal remerdies were still used but now had more ingredients for example nutmeg as it was from the new world.
Miasmas were still a thing
the royal society
shared ideas
no longer prepared for god to be the answer to everything
1662, received a royal charter
they motto was ' take nobodys word of it ' [latin]
the great plague
the majority of the same methods of prevention, care and treatment was the same as the medieval --------->
transference
began to look for chemical treatments
they started to think that the weather was related to disease
hospitals began to specialise in one particular issue
more people now understood what contagious was better but there was little proof so was not super popular
physicians were advised to sweat the disease out
miasmas, astronomy and religion were still big theories
but the governments did try to help, pubic meeting and large events were banned, streets were swept and cleaned, fires and sweets smells were set up on streets, cats + dogs + pigeons wee slaughtered
changes in who
apothecaries, who now arranged in to guilds to ensure that there was more expertise, they needed a license, better education.
surgeons, still had the issues of pain, blood loss and infection, knowledge improved, needed a licence, medical chemistry introduced new things
physicians, there was new subject in the training, eg medical chemistry and anatomy, more textbooks, dissection was now legal so this improved their knowledge even further.
woman, still the same
vesalius
his book 1543 - fabric of the human body
1st text book of the human body
corrected 200 if Galens mistakes eg the jaw bone in just one bone
began the proper study of human anatomy
thought of heart valves
the problems of surgery
pain
infections
blood
Thomas sydenham
wrote ' obsivatiosn medicine'
important work
believed that it was external factors that cause disease not the 4 humours
medieval Britain, 1250 - 1500
god sent disease to punsish
to test their faith
astrology affected disease, the alighment of the plants ect
astrology was also used to diagnose
natural vs supernatural
devil spread disease
nearly half of the population died before adult hood
had to go to church
leprosy, in the bible, to show how go sent disease as he was displeased.
position of stars at birth and when the patient fell ill helped them identify the cause of illness.
the four humors
hippocrates
blood, air, spring, hot, wet
yellow bile, fire, summer, hot, dry
black bile, earth, autumn, cold, dry
phlegm, winter, water, wet, cold
the first natural belief
the symptoms suggest that the humor was in excess
galen
greek doctor
developed the four humors further
believed strongly in blood letting
theory of opposites, so if you have too much phlegm that is cold and wet so you should eat a chill pepper which is hot and dry
not a Christina but believed in roman gods
he believed that the body was so complicated that is must have been created by a god, so the church supported his ideas and the church controlled everything
urine charts
colour
taste!
thicknesssmell
to diagnose
to check the balance of the four humors
miasmas
bad air
harmful fumes
corpses, swamps , rotting materials
natural cause
monasteries controlled education
treatment
confessing
praying
pilgranage
bleeding
purging
food
herbs
astronomy to show where to bleed patients
leeches
rebalancing the humors
phlebotomy, blood letting
bathing
cutting veins
cupping
prevention
eating to much was discouraged
having an ememas
bathing due to miasmas
cleanliness for God
go to church regularly
flowers and sweet scents were carried around to combat miasmas
regimen sanitatis
who?
physicians, uni for 7-10 yrs, diagnose and recommend cause,rarely actually treat, only of you could afford a physician, took samples, 4 humors, astrology
women, expected to care form family, make the patient comfy, feed them, mix herbal remidies, actually very skilled, sometimes minor surgerys and bleedings
barber surgeons, little qualifications, sharp tools, steady hand, surgeries, bleedings, bowl of blood in the window to show off their skills
apothecaries, mixed herbal remidies, good knowledge of herb powers, not as skilled or knowledgeable as physicians but much cheaper, no Hippocratic oath so could prescribe poision, some also did alchemy and supernatural stuff, frowned on by the church
hospitals, mainly places to recover and rest