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Absolutism (Spain (The arts (El Greco (His paintings were very bright and…
Absolutism
Spain
After the death of Charles V Philip II inherited Spain, America, and the Netherlands. The American colonies were brought in 339,000 pounds of gold.
Philip was very religious, so he defended the vatican in the battle of lepanto. He also attacked protestant England for leaving the church.
The arts
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Don Quixote
This is the best spanish book of the 17th century. It's about a delusional man that thinks he's a knight while being a common man. It breaks the fourth wall and is really funny.
The fall
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due to the old-fashioned guilds, Spanish goods were more expensive then their counter parts, leading Spain to borrow large sums of money.
Russia
Ivan IV, called Ivan the Terrible, came to the throne in 1533 when he was only
three years old.
Terror Ivan’s “bad period” began in 1560 after Anastasia died. Accusing
the boyars of poisoning his wife, Ivan turned against them.
Using these secret police, Ivan executed many boyars, their families, and the
peasants who worked their lands.
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France
Louis IV set up the Edict of Nantes, which gave rights to the Huguenots.
After Louis' death, his son Henry IV took control, but because he was weak, he appointed Cardinal Richelieu to rule for him.
Richelieu sought to increase the king's power by moving against the Huguenots and decreasing the power of the nobility.
England
Bohemian Protestants Revolt That spark came in 1618. The future HolyRoman emperor, Ferdinand II, was head of the Hapsburg family. As such, heruled the Czech kingdom of Bohemia.
Hapsburg Triumphs The Thirty Years’ War lasted from 1618 to 1648. During the first 12 years, Hapsburg armies from Austria and Spain crushed the troops hired by the Protestant princes. They succeeded in putting down the Czech upris- ing. They also defeated the German Protestants who had supported the Czechs.
Peace of Westphalia The war did great damage to Germany. Its population dropped from 20 million to about 16 million. Both trade and agriculture were disrupted, and Germany’s economy was ruined. Germany had a long, difficult recovery from this devastation.
Economic Contrasts with the West One reason for this is that the economy of central Europe developed differently from that of western Europe. During the late Middle Ages, serfs in western Europe slowly won freedom and moved to towns. There, they joined middle-class townspeople, who gained economic power because of the commercial revolution and the development of capitalism.
Maria Theresa Inherits the Austrian Throne How could the Hapsburgs make sure that they continued to rule all those lands? Charles VI spent his entire reign working out an answer to this problem. With endless arm-twisting, he persuaded other leaders of Europe to sign an agreement that declared they would recognize Charles’s eldest daughter as the heir to all his Hapsburg territories.
The Seven Years’ War Maria Theresa decided that the French kings were no longer Austria’s chief enemies. She made an alliance with them. The result was a diplomatic revolution. When Frederick heard of her actions, he signed a treaty with Britain—Austria’s former ally. Now, Austria, France, Russia, and others were allied against Britain and Prussia.
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