Absolutism
Spain
After the death of Charles V Philip II inherited Spain, America, and the Netherlands. The American colonies were brought in 339,000 pounds of gold.
Russia
France
England
Louis IV set up the Edict of Nantes, which gave rights to the Huguenots.
Philip was very religious, so he defended the vatican in the battle of lepanto. He also attacked protestant England for leaving the church.
The arts
El Greco
Ivan IV, called Ivan the Terrible, came to the throne in 1533 when he was only
three years old.
Terror Ivan’s “bad period” began in 1560 after Anastasia died. Accusing
the boyars of poisoning his wife, Ivan turned against them.
His paintings were very bright and surreal. He painted saints and kings.
Using these secret police, Ivan executed many boyars, their families, and the
peasants who worked their lands.
Ivan’s son proved to be physically and mentally incapable
of ruling.
After he died without an heir, Russia experienced a period of turmoil known as the Time of Troubles. Boyars struggled for power, and heirs of
czars died under mysterious conditions. Several impostors tried to claim the throne.
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When Peter I came to power, Russia was still a land of boyars and serfs. Serfdom in Russia lasted into the mid-1800s, much longer than it did in western Europe.
Although Peter believed Russia needed to change, he knew that
many of his people disagreed.
To promote education and growth, Peter wanted a seaport that would make it easier to travel to the West.
For better or for worse, Peter the Great had tried to westernize and reform the culture and government of Russia. To an amazing extent he had succeeded. By the time of his death in 1725, Russia was a power to be reckoned with in Europe
Diego Velazquez
He painted the royal family and used rich colors.
Don Quixote
This is the best spanish book of the 17th century. It's about a delusional man that thinks he's a knight while being a common man. It breaks the fourth wall and is really funny.
The fall
Spain's money got really inflated
due to the old-fashioned guilds, Spanish goods were more expensive then their counter parts, leading Spain to borrow large sums of money.
The Dutch
After the Dutch secession from Spain they became their own country.
They had many big companies like the east india trading company and big artist like Rembrandt.
Bohemian Protestants Revolt That spark came in 1618. The future HolyRoman emperor, Ferdinand II, was head of the Hapsburg family. As such, heruled the Czech kingdom of Bohemia.
Hapsburg Triumphs The Thirty Years’ War lasted from 1618 to 1648. During the first 12 years, Hapsburg armies from Austria and Spain crushed the troops hired by the Protestant princes. They succeeded in putting down the Czech upris- ing. They also defeated the German Protestants who had supported the Czechs.
Absolutism- The belief that the king holds absolute power given to them by god.
Peace of Westphalia The war did great damage to Germany. Its population dropped from 20 million to about 16 million. Both trade and agriculture were disrupted, and Germany’s economy was ruined. Germany had a long, difficult recovery from this devastation.
Economic Contrasts with the West One reason for this is that the economy of central Europe developed differently from that of western Europe. During the late Middle Ages, serfs in western Europe slowly won freedom and moved to towns. There, they joined middle-class townspeople, who gained economic power because of the commercial revolution and the development of capitalism.
After Louis' death, his son Henry IV took control, but because he was weak, he appointed Cardinal Richelieu to rule for him.
Maria Theresa Inherits the Austrian Throne How could the Hapsburgs make sure that they continued to rule all those lands? Charles VI spent his entire reign working out an answer to this problem. With endless arm-twisting, he persuaded other leaders of Europe to sign an agreement that declared they would recognize Charles’s eldest daughter as the heir to all his Hapsburg territories.
The Seven Years’ War Maria Theresa decided that the French kings were no longer Austria’s chief enemies. She made an alliance with them. The result was a diplomatic revolution. When Frederick heard of her actions, he signed a treaty with Britain—Austria’s former ally. Now, Austria, France, Russia, and others were allied against Britain and Prussia.
Richelieu sought to increase the king's power by moving against the Huguenots and decreasing the power of the nobility.