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The Invisibility of Women in Psychology (Women are now much more visible…
The Invisibility of Women in Psychology
Argument AO3
1
Traditionally women been invisible as researchers + ppts.
Many examples of how women may be considered to be left out in psychology.
Women been + remain invisible as researchers, ppts, + indeed throughout research process, from hypotheses all way through to theories developed + research published.
Said this is no different to other scientific subjects e.g. STEM subjects where W under represented.
Therefore, if anything, may expect over representation of F in psychology, but evidently isn't the case.
Perhaps strange considering most undergraduate psychology students = female.
2
Now more W than M go to university.
E.g. in higher education, W weren't given access to uni courses + degrees in significant numbers until 20th century.
Women now much more visible.
Evidence AO2 - Women are invisible.
1
Invisible on this list e.g. Mamie Phipps Clark whose research undoubtedly had profound + far reaching impact on challenging racial stereotypes.
Highest ranking women in list of 100 most influential psychologists of 20th century = Elizabeth Loftus at only 85th.
APA Top 100 most eminent psychologists of 20th century featured only 6 women.
Some may suggest her research is in cognitive psychology, a more male preferred area, so male psychologists more likely to know/respect her work.
Women invisible as respected researchers.
2
Milgram - originally used all males - however did replicate with females + found similar results + initial study was based on replicating behaviour of male Nazi soldiers so females not as relevant here - though did use female ppts in later study.
However, are examples of androcentric samples e.g. one used by Kohlberg.
Women invisible as participants.
Many famous studies in psychology only used male ppts + generalised results to women.
Evaluation AO3
Women are Invisible
For example, female behaviour, until quite recently, been largely invisible in theories of stress which focus on fight or flight response.
This includes beta bias.
Women are invisible in theories.
Women are now much more visible
UK study by UCAS 2016 found W outnumber M in almost 2/3rds of degree subjects + after nursing, psychology has biggest gender divide.
Females are visible in classrooms + lecture theatres.
These W = psychologists of the future.
Women with post graduate qualifications may become influential researchers in future - numbers are showing progress.
Women are visibly attaining higher level qualifications.
More W are doing research.
American Psychological Association reports that in 1950 only 14.8% of doctoral degrees were awarded to women. By 1960 this figure had risen to just 17.5% - therefore, there weren't as many W who could've been doing research.
2002 - figure was 66.7% - these women mayu be at very influential stage of careers now.